Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors calibrate and simulate a neoclassical growth model with a variable elasticity of substitution production function and three types of technological change: labour augmenting, capital augmenting and investment specific.
Abstract: We calibrate and simulate a neoclassical growth model with a variable elasticity of substitution production function and three types of technological change: labour‐augmenting, capital‐augmenting and investment‐specific. In this framework, we find that the decline in US labour share was caused by a large decline in capital efficiency, which led to a decrease in the ratio of effective capital to effective labour in a context in which capital and labour are gross complements. Moreover, the decline in the relative price of investment contributed to reducing the fall in US labour share, while the increase in the economic depreciation rate of US fixed assets accounted for a small reduction in US labour share.
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TL;DR: This research develops an initiative win-win pricing strategy based on product life cycle (PLC), and for the OEM, it wants to found a decision model based on genetic algorithm and use Visual Basic to construct an information system so that the industry circle could have a judging standard for reserving productive capacity and pricing strategy.
Abstract: Since 2003, electronic products have become the main power of national economy growth. All the manufacturers have set their primary markets to meet the consumer's demand. Taking the current LCD TV manufacturers as an example, they have to emphasize on the product design, performance and the reduction of cost. Therefore, nowadays the most important task for LCD TV industry is that the international manufacturer shall fix a suitable win-win price and productive capacity for itself as well as for the Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) when the OEM has received the order, so that both sides could construct a long-established relation and they could reach the object of maximized profit. This research develops an initiative win-win pricing strategy based on product life cycle (PLC), and for the OEM, this research has used the production function (PF) to deal with the pricing and the maximum flow potential under different PF. It wants to found a decision model based on genetic algorithm and use Visual Basic to construct an information system so that the industry circle could have a judging standard for reserving productive capacity and pricing strategy. While the successful pricing is not only a final result, it is a continual process; we hope this user interface could help the enterprises to study out a suitable price and productive capacity structure.
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TL;DR: In this article, an economic evaluation of the interventions aimed at reducing the seismic risk in the historic centres starting from a minimum risk scenario established by law, namely that provided by the Emergency Limit Condition (ELC), and aimed at supporting efficient and effective choices by the public decision-maker pursuing objectives of equity and social well-being, displaying a multidimensional nature.
Abstract: The economic evaluation of the interventions aimed at reducing the seismic risk in the historic centres starting from a minimum risk scenario established by law, namely that provided by the Emergency Limit Condition (ELC), and aimed at supporting efficient and effective choices by the public decision-maker pursuing objectives of equity and social well-being, displaying a multidimensional nature. As a result, the evaluation process should integrate more approaches to quantify the different forms of capital involved. The seismic event can pose risks to an individual’s survival or reduce the quality of life. The assessment of the effects of the potential seismic vulnerability reduction plan on the population can be determined on the basis of the value of a statistical life (VSL). Among the possible approaches for its determination, that of the human capital (HC) was chosen for use. A critical review of the HC approach literature has been instrumental in defining an empirical approach that integrates the income-based approach proposed by Jorgenson–Fraumeni for market and non-market assets as well as the approach of Dagum. On the basis of this, the value of the HC for the historic centre of Brisighella was determined. The empirical approach also supported the definition of a model for the quantification of the benefits produced on the population by the plan of interventions to reduce the seismic vulnerability of the historic centre.
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TL;DR: In this article, a non-homogeneous production function was used to estimate the efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry of Puerto Rico using data from 1980 to 2008, which indicated that operation at decreasing returns to scale mainly due to the decreasing output elasticity of the number of plants; labor productivity, however, is positive and increasing.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used plant level data from the census of manufacturing establishments to examine the production technology and labor productivity of foreign and domestic firms in Nepal and found that the capital intensity in foreign firms is higher than that in domestic firms.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.
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01 Jan 1956TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.
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