Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Using a dynamic micro-simulation Computable General Equilibrium model, this paper showed that further liberalisation of air services in Kenya is likely to lead to substantial growth in tourist arrivals.
Abstract: Using a dynamic micro-simulation Computable General Equilibrium model, this research shows that further liberalisation of air services in Kenya is likely to lead to substantial growth in tourist arrivals. Results indicate that tourism growth principally trickles down to the poor through increases in labour demand and in income. Tourism expansion also leads to a slight redistribution of income between rural and urban regions.
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Cites background from "Capital-labor substitution and econ..."
...43 Introduced by Arrow et al. (1961), the CES function allows for non-unitary, but constant, price elasticties and non-nil, but constant, substitution elasticities....
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01 Jul 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measure the output gains and losses from migration by using stochastic frontier production functions to identify migrants marginal revenue products in both origin and destination areas, and make adjustments for the negative externalities produced by migrants; and distorted domestic relative prices.
Abstract: This paper measures the output gains and losses from migration by using stochastic frontier production functions to identify migrants marginal revenue products in both origin and destination areas. After this output effect of migration has been calculated adjustments are made for: (1) the negative externalities produced by migrants; and (2) distorted domestic relative prices. At least in the Peruvian case internal migration is shown to have increased gross domestic product. This result is quite robust and obtains both with and without the aforementioned adjustments. (EXCERPT)
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TL;DR: In this article, the implications of product market competition and investment for price setting, wage bargaining and thereby for equilibrium unemployment in an economy with product and labour market imperfections were studied. And they demonstrated how labour and product imperfections, characterized by the wage and price setting mark-ups, affect the optimal capital stock.
Abstract: We study the implications of product market competition and investment for price setting, wage bargaining and thereby for equilibrium unemployment in an economy with product and labour market imperfections. We show that intensified product market competition will reduce equilibrium unemployment, whereas the effect of increased capital intensity is more complex. Higher capital intensity will decrease the equilibrium unemployment when the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour is less than one, while the reverse happens when this elasticity is higher than one but smaller than the elasticity of substitution between products. Finally, we demonstrate how labour and product market imperfections, characterized by the wage and price setting mark-ups, affect the optimal capital stock. Our findings raise important questions for future empirical research.
11 citations
DOI•
17 Aug 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the economic factors of growth and change in the in-bond maquiladora Industry from 1980 to 1986, using a micro-cconomic approach to estimate capital growth per worker and the physical productivity of labor in order to separate the increase in added value into the following components: capital accumulation (16.6 percent), the growth of the physical output of labor (12.0 percent), increased employment ( 12.2 percent), and the combined effect of the technical ratio and prices (which decreased to an annual rate of 11.3
Abstract: En este trabajo se analizan los determinantes economicos del crecimiento y transformacion de la industria maquiladora en el periodo 1980-1986. En la parte central del documento se estiman por medios microeconomicos, los incrementos en el capital por trabajador y la productividad fisica del trabajo, con el fin de descomponer el crecimiento del valor agregado (7.9% anual) en los siguientes elementos: la acumulacion de capital (16.6%), el aumento en la productividad fisica del trabajo (12.0%), el aumento en el empleo (12.2%), y el efecto combinado del coeficiente tecnico y los precios (que se contrajo a una tasa anual de 11.3 por ciento). Estos indicadores miden la magnitud real de los cambios tecnologicos y organizativos de la industria y permiten entender su direccion. Los resultados sustentan la hipotesis de que esta emergiendo una nueva clase de maquila caracterizada por: ser mis productiva y altamente tecnificada, incorporar procesos completos de manufactura y no solo de ensamble. Paradojicamente, en la nueva maquila, la mayor eficiencia productiva no se traduce en una aportacion creciente de divisas para la economia de Mexico. Los datos, revelan ademas la existencia de importantes cambios en la produccion y organizacion industriales, y sugieren que el monto de la transferencia tecnologica ha sido cuantioso aunque no necesariamente su asimilacion domestica. ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the economic factors of growth and change in the in-bond maquiladora Industry from 1980 to 1986. The study uses a microcconomic approach to estimate capital growth per worker and the physical productivity of labor in order to separate the increase in added value (7.9 percent per year) into the following components: capital accumulation (16.6 percent), the growth of the physical productivity of labor (12.0 percent), increased employment (12.2 percent), and the combined effect of the technical ratio and prices (which decreased to an annual rate of 11.3 percent). These indicators show the true magnitude of technological and organizational changes in the industry thus enabling us to see where these changes arc leading. Research results support the hypothesis that there is an emergence of a new type of in-bond plant, characterized by higher productivity and technical advancement, which goes beyond being simply an assembly industry and Instead incorporates integrated manufacturing processes. Such technical advances do not represent an increase in the supply of foreign currency to the Mexican economy however. Furthermore, the facts show important changes in Industrial production and organization, Indicating that technology transfers have been abundant but have not necessarily extended beyond maquiladoras into Mexican Industry in genera
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate human capital externalities on wages originating from internal gross migration flows of high-skilled workers and show that regional inflows and outflows of high skilled workers occur simultaneously and that both are positively correlated.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.
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01 Jan 1956TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.
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