Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the dependence of the growth rate on the elasticity of substitution within the framework of a model with the agents' mutual dependence, interpreted as a network structure.
Abstract: We consider the dependence of the growth rate on the elasticity of substitution within the framework of a model with the agents’ mutual dependence. This model is interpreted as a network structure. The development is explained as the agents’ increase in values in the dynamic system described by functions which display constant elasticity of substitution (CES). We investigate the cases of high and low complementarity of activities. In particular, we receive conditions allowing to identify the cases when the elasticity of substitution has a positive (negative) effect on the growth rate under high (low) complementarity of activities. Additionally, we analyse the influence of the individual agents’ productivity on the growth rate. Finally, we give a potential generalisation of the model allowing for different growth rates of the agents.
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TL;DR: The study suggests that subsidizing engine remanufacture in China can help promote the industry, improve overall economic welfare, and contribute to environmental targets, and also contributes to estimating more realistic product displacement ratios in LCA.
Abstract: China has recently implemented broad strategies aimed at achieving a circular economy by providing subsidies for the remanufacture industry and setting a target of 15% increase in energy efficiency...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) make a contribution to productivity growth in Chilean manufacturing firms using a stochastic frontier approach.
Abstract: Using firm-level panel data, this article examines whether spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) make a contribution to productivity growth in Chilean manufacturing firms. The main contribution of this work is to apply a methodology to estimate, in a consistent manner, the productivity impact of investment climate variables, such as FDI. With this aim, the spillover effects from FDI are analyzed using a stochastic frontier approach (SFA). Productivity growth is decomposed using a generalized Malmquist output-oriented index. The results show positive productivity spillovers from FDI; higher competition is associated with larger spillovers; and firms with high R&D effort gain more spillover benefits compared to those with less R&D effort.
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TL;DR: The authors provides guidelines for statistical offices and other agencies responsible for constructing CPIs and explains in depth the methods that are used to calculate a CPI, and examines the underlying economic and statistical concepts and principles needed for making choices in efficient and cost-effective ways and for appreciating the full implications of those choices.
Abstract: This important and comprehensive manual provides guidelines for statistical offices and other agencies responsible for constructing CPIs and explains in depth the methods that are used to calculate a CPI. It also examines the underlying economic and statistical concepts and principles needed for making choices in efficient and cost-effective ways and for appreciating the full implications of those choices.
11 citations
Cites background from "Capital-labor substitution and econ..."
...110) sets out the pragmatic case: ‘‘Our theory and statistics would be unduly cluttered if separate product codes had to be set aside for Clear Coke and Special K.’’ Furthermore, the techniques for including such products are not, as indicated below, readily applicable. The sound practical advice given by Oi (1997) to keep matters ‘‘uncluttered’’ is therefore not unreasonable....
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...Several recent research papers by Ward (2001), Prennushi (2001), Astin (2001) and Dwyer et al....
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...110) sets out the pragmatic case: ‘‘Our theory and statistics would be unduly cluttered if separate product codes had to be set aside for Clear Coke and Special K.’’ Furthermore, the techniques for including such products are not, as indicated below, readily applicable. The sound practical advice given by Oi (1997) to keep matters ‘‘uncluttered’’ is therefore not unreasonable. 8.35 The terminology adopted here is that used by Merkel (2000) for producer price index (PPI) measurement, but considered in a CPI context....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.
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01 Jan 1956TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.
1,031 citations
903 citations