Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
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TL;DR: In this article, trade protection and balance of payments problems are discussed. But the authors focus on the trade protection problem and do not address the balance-of-payments problem.
Abstract: (1974). Trade protection and balance of payments problems. Applied Economics: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 235-254.
3 citations
30 Sep 2010
TL;DR: The findings suggest that most of listed real estate companies show scale economies, and that the impact of scale economies is greater for smaller companies and non-state-owned ones.
Abstract: This paper examines scale economies for Chinese real estate industry over 2004–2008 using a translog cost function with labor, land and construction & installation materials, and capital inputs. The findings suggest that most of listed real estate companies show scale economies, and that the impact of scale economies is greater for smaller companies and non-state-owned ones.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a neo-Schumpeterian model, in which growth is driven by the appearance of a new technology and a sequence of quality-improving innovations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model to assist decision makers in identifying the industries which are likely to be attracted to underdeveloped regions as a result of specially devised government policies.
Abstract: The major aim of the model developed in this paper is to assist decision makers in identifying the industries which are likely to be attracted to underdeveloped regions as a result of specially devised government policies. The effect of these policies in achieving objectives, such as the reduction of unemployment and underemployment, will differ from industry to industry. Thus it is most important to investigate the production function parameters of each of the industries which are likely to be attracted to these regions, so as to determine to what extent the devised policies will achieve their declared objectives. This paper shows that no single policy can be applied for all industries. It is therefore necessary first to identify the industry and thereupon to devise the proper policy that will advance the overall set of objectives. Finally, we describe in a graphical form in the appendix the gaming process of the on-the-job-training programme which takes place between the trainee and the employer through...
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the construction and performance of a flight decision system designed for a case in which investigators pursued multiple, potentially competing objectives: to maximize the total amount of data collected while also collecting approximately equal amounts of data from each of the three study regions.
Abstract: Automated decision systems have shown the potential to increase data yields from field experiments in atmospheric science. The present paper describes the construction and performance of a flight decision system designed for a case in which investigators pursued multiple, potentially competing objectives. The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) campaign in 2012 sought in situ airborne measurements of isolated deep convection in three study regions: northeast Colorado, north Alabama, and a larger region extending from central Oklahoma through northwest Texas. As they confronted daily flight launch decisions, campaign investigators sought to achieve two mission objectives that stood in potential tension to each other: to maximize the total amount of data collected while also collecting approximately equal amounts of data from each of the three study regions. Creating an automated decision system involved understanding how investigators would themselves negotiate the trade-offs between these potentially competing goals, and representing those preferences formally using a utility function that served to rank-order the perceived value of alternative data portfolios. The decision system incorporated a custom-built method for generating probabilistic forecasts of isolated deep convection and estimated climatologies calibrated to historical observations. Monte Carlo simulations of alternative future conditions were used to generate flight decision recommendations dynamically consistent with the expected future progress of the campaign. Results show that a strict adherence to the recommendations generated by the automated system would have boosted the data yield of the campaign by between 10 and 57%, depending on the metrics used to score success, while improving portfolio balance.
2 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.
10,850 citations
3,961 citations
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01 Jan 1956TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.
1,031 citations
903 citations