Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
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01 Nov 2017
2 citations
01 Jan 2017
2 citations
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30 Dec 2017
TL;DR: Beseri sermaye, Icsel Buyume Modelleri’nde ekonomik buyumenin en onemli belirleyicilerinden birisidir as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Beseri sermaye , Icsel Buyume Modelleri’nde ekonomik buyumenin en onemli belirleyicilerinden birisidir . Bu nedenle beseri sermaye fiziksel sermaye gibi bir uretim faktoru olarak degerlendirilmistir. Icsel Buyume Modelleri’ne gore, beseri sermaye birikimi artarsa , beseri sermayenin getirisi artacaktir. Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de 1950-2014 donemi boyunca Translog uretim fonksiyonu yaklasimi ve Ridge Regresyon yontemi kullanilarak beseri ve fiziksel sermaye arasindaki cikti esnekliklerini ve ikame esnekligini hesaplamaktir. Elde edilen sonuclar beseri sermaye ile fiziksel sermaye arasindaki ikame esnekliginin bir oldugunu gostermektedir. Diger taraftan beseri sermayenin cikti esnekligi birden buyuk ve fiziksel sermayenin cikti esnekligi ise birden kucuk olarak hesaplanmistir . Calismada ele alinan donem boyunca , fiziksel sermayenin cikti esnekligi duragan kalirken, beseri sermayenin cikti esnekligi onemli bir sekilde artmistir.
2 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general-equilibrium model of the labor-supply decision, where workers decide whether to work and, if they work, how many hours to work.
Abstract: This chapter discusses the general-equilibrium relation between fiscal policy and labor market activity. The analysis presented in the chapter takes explicit account of the ways in which the fiscal authorities dispose of their tax revenues. The chapter presents a general-equilibrium model of the labor-supply decision. In this model, workers decide whether to work and, if they work, how many hours to work. The fraction of potential workers who are employed and the average number of hours worked by each employed person depend on the real before-tax wage rate, the shares of each type of government spending in the national product, the marginal valuation of each type of spending, and the distribution of government benefits between workers and nonworkers. The chapter presents a derivation of an aggregate demand function for private manhours and presents in a tabulated form the effects of various policy changes on private-sector man-hours, the employment ratio, average hours, the real before-tax wage rate, and the real after-tax wage rate in the year of the change.
2 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined three different strategies a firm may choose in order to continue production operations should one of its suppliers suffer a disruption, including maintaining inventory, purchasing from an alternate supplier, and substituting for another type of input.
Abstract: Supply chain risk management has become a popular topic among both practitioners and researchers, and different models have been proposed to help companies prepare for and react to a disruption in their supply chain. However, less attention has been given to exploring the regional economic impact of these strategies following a disruptive event. This paper examines three different strategies a firm may choose in order to continue production operations should one of its suppliers suffer a disruption. A firm may: (i) maintain inventory, (ii) purchase from an alternate supplier, and/or (iii) substitute for another type of input. We integrate the firm’s risk management strategy into a risk-based input-output model that quantifies the economic impact of each strategy. We deploy the model with a data-driven case study addressing the multi-state impacts of a supply shortage at a single firm.
2 citations
Cites background or methods from "Capital-labor substitution and econ..."
...Because we are interested in analyzing if a firm can substitute one input for another if supply is constrained, this paper will use the constant of elasticity substitution (CES) production function (Arrow et al. 1961)....
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...The resulting inoperability, qnm(1), in those suppliers due to the firm reducing its demand is given by Eq....
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...max p(y)y−w1z1−w2z2 st y = f (z1,z2) z1,z2 ≥ 0 (1)...
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...Capital and labor are the two inputs used most frequently for production functions (Arrow et al. 1961, Brookshire and McKee 1992, West 1995) although models have included other factors of production such as energy (Rose and Guha 2004, Rose and Liao 2005), land (Rhee 1991), seeds and fertilizers…...
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...(1) whose solution is (y,z1,z ∗ 2) and (ii) with a supply shortage as given by Eq....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.
10,850 citations
3,961 citations
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01 Jan 1956TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.
1,031 citations
903 citations