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Journal ArticleDOI

Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined macroeconomic rebound, intensity, and output effects of exogenous energy efficiency improvements for Pakistan using time series data from 1980 to 2018, and found that energy efficiency is conditional on the size of energy rebound effect, which further promotes energy consumption instead of reducing it.

1 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the impacts of factor endowment on international trade in a general equilibrium model were studied in which firms choose their technologies endogenously and showed that if industries choose different capital-labor intensities in equilibrium, the Stolper-Samuelson theorem holds.
Abstract: This paper studies impacts of factor endowment on international trade in a general equilibrium model in which firms choose their technologies endogenously. Though countries only differ in factor endowment ex ante, countries may also differ in their chosen technologies. If industries choose different capital-labor intensities in equilibrium, the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem, factor price equalization theorem, the Rybczynski theorem, and the Stolper-Samuelson theorem hold. If industries choose the same capital-labor intensity in equilibrium, the volume of trade is zero. None of the four theorems applies.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate regional production functions for Japanese manufacturing industry for three time points of 1988, 1991 and 1994 using 47 prefectural data on cross-sectional bases to examine production structures.
Abstract: In this research, I estimate regional production functions for Japanese manufacturing industry for three time points of 1988, 1991 and 1994 using 47 prefectural data on crosssectional bases to examine production structures. In addition, regional technological levels are estimated and the factors of technology are analyzed.As a result, I find that the rate of the production gap being related to strengthening of the market mechanism, the rate of the pavement and the college entrance rate have the positive effects on the regional technology. Further, the regional classifications in terms of manufacturing production structures are performed through the techniques of Principal Component Analysis.Thus I have proposed the techniques to evaluate the production side of the manufacturing industry empirically using regional production functions as a basis of regional policies.

1 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, a modelisation originale du commerce exterieur belge de produits manufactures is proposed, in which the equations structurelles d'offre and de demande sont l'une et l'autre specifiees, ce qui conduit a estimer un systeme d'equations simultanees.
Abstract: Ce papier propose une modelisation originale du commerce exterieur belge de produits manufactures. Pour ce qui est des exportations en effet, les equations structurelles d’offre et de demande sont l’une et l’autre specifiees, ce qui conduit a estimer un systeme d’equations simultanees. Si les determinants de la demande d’exportations sont bien connus, il n’en va pas de meme pour l’offre qui n’a jusqu’a present pas fait l’objet d’investigations empiriques. Sont introduits comme facteurs explicatifs de l’offre d’exportations : le prix belge a l’exportation, la part distributive des salaires en tant qu’indicateur de la competitivite-couts et une variable representant la pression relative de la demande mondiale par rapport a la demande interieure. Quant a l’equation de demande d’importations, elle est estimee de maniere classique par moindres carres simples et apres avoir postule une courbe d’offre infiniment elastique.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
30 Jun 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the impact of employment protection legislation on the elasticity of employment with respect to GDP and found that EPL is perceived as neutral for the level of employment as flexible wages enable employers to accommodate changes in the labor market situation.
Abstract: This article explores the impact of employment protection legislation on the elasticity of employment with respect to GDP. We present the essence and scope of changes in employment protection and specify the theoretical mechanisms of its impact on the labor market. We also measure this impact using data for 23 OECD countries in the 2002-2014 period. In the short term, we should expect the existence of a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between the level of employment protection legislation (EPL) and the elasticity of employment. In the long term, however, EPL is perceived as neutral for the level of employment as flexible wages enable employers to accommodate changes in the labor market situation. The hypothesis of the long-term neutrality of EPL for labor market categories was confirmed with the use of panel cointegration tests. The hypothesis concerning the impact of EPL on short-term labor market adjustments was confirmed only for the global crisis period.

1 citations


Cites result from "Capital-labor substitution and econ..."

  • ...Some of the studies, such as Nickell [1997] and Belot, van Ours [2001] have showed that there exists a negative relationship between the unemployment level and employment protection restrictiveness....

    [...]

  • ...Some of the studies, such as Nickell [1997] and Belot, van Ours [2001] have showed that there exists a negative relationship between the unemployment level and employment protection restrictiveness. On the other hand, Lazear [1990], Scarpetta [1996], Elmeskov et al. [1998], and Amable et al....

    [...]

  • ...Some of the studies, such as Nickell [1997] and Belot, van Ours [2001] have showed that there exists a negative relationship between the unemployment level and employment protection restrictiveness. On the other hand, Lazear [1990], Scarpetta [1996], Elmeskov et al....

    [...]

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.

10,850 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

3,961 citations

Book
01 Jan 1956
TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.

1,031 citations

Book
01 Jan 1938

926 citations