Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the mechanism and causes of such bias in the estimation of mikroproizvodstvennyh functions and apply micro-functions to the problems connected with measuring the volume of output and factor costs.
Abstract: In estimating production functions of the researcher is faced with a number of problems, which in the most general form, can be divided into two groups: the problems associated with most econometric estimation techniques, and problems of measurement factors. In the econometric estimation of production functions of the two main problems are linearization of the functional forms and elimination of endogenous explanatory variables. The latter problem is specific to mikroproizvodstvennyh functions, so it we discuss in more detail. Using statistics available in most cases leads to an inaccurate measurement of the volume and cost of factors of production firm that can shift the assessments of the technical characteristics of the production functions. In this paper we detail the mechanism and causes of such bias Example mikroproizvodstvennyh functions. Particular attention is paid to such specific microeconomic production functions as the problem of endogeneity of explanatory variables. Microfunctions also applied to the problems connected with measuring the volume of output and factor costs.
01 Sep 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the crisp and fuzzy information is applied in the axiomatic approach of the Pareto set reduction by V. D. Noghin, and a set is constructed, which is an upper bound of the optimal choice.
Abstract: A multicriteria economic problem is considered: the basic production assets and the labor resources define a set of feasible solutions (alternatives); labor costs, costs of the basic production assets (to be minimized), and cost of the manufactured products (to be maximized) are objective functions. The production function with constant elasticity of substitution is used. The decision maker's (DM's) preferences are introduced as follows: lower labor costs and costs of the basic production assets have the greater importance than higher income, and vice a versa. The fuzzy preferences along with the compromise have a degree of its confidence. Such crisp and fuzzy information is applied in the axiomatic approach of the Pareto set reduction by V. D. Noghin. We show how to construct a set, which is an upper bound of the optimal choice and belongs to the Pareto set of the problem in crisp and fuzzy cases. In fuzzy case one should solve a three crisp multicriteria problems. Thus, upon the crisp and fuzzy DM's preferences a narrower upper bounds of the optimal set of resources with respect to criteria and additional information are obtained.
Cites background from "Capital-labor substitution and econ..."
...To resolve the aforementioned restriction Arrow, Chenery, Minhas, and Solow proposed [2] a production function with constant elasticity of substitution (CES function), where elasticity is a parameter of function and is time-invariant....
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...According to [2] let us suppose that the relationship between the production output...
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed an alternative explanation for the negative natural-resource growth nexus, based on the theoretical analysis, the study shows that a balanced capital-labor ratio plays an essential role in the absorption of complex capital goods.
Abstract: The present study proposes an alternative explanation for the negative natural-resource-growth nexus. Based on the theoretical analysis, the study shows that a balanced capital–labor ratio plays an essential role in the absorption of complex capital goods. It estimates the parameters of the constant elasticity of the substitution production function in Mathcad using nonlinear least squares, i.e., an approximate Marquardt method of optimization. The empirical analysis is based on the time-series data of these countries for the time interval between 2000 and 2020. We conducted analyses by calculating the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Specifically, for these countries, the elasticity of substitution of capital and labor appeared to be less than one, which indicates a lack of labor, or, more precisely, a qualified labor force. Each of these countries receives windfall profits from the exploitation of natural resources, which greatly influences the import of capital-intensive products of complex technologies—in other words, the import of capital. However, the lack of an adequate labor force that could utilize the increased capital led to a decrease in the elasticity of capital and labor substitution. A comparison of the optimal and the observed capital–labor ratio coefficient shows that this coefficient is significantly higher than optimal in all three countries. Therefore, while keeping the wage fund in balance with fixed capital costs, investments in the knowledge economy and human capital appear to be the preferred areas for the efficient allocation of oil revenues.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.
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01 Jan 1956TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.
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