Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes
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...This limit is due to an observed decrease in growth associated with a persistent postprandial hyperglycaemia (Hemre et al. 2002; Moon 2001; Panserat 2009)....
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...…carp, Cyprinus carpio and the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus are able to use high levels of carbohydrates (50 % in the diet) in contrast to fish at a higher trophic level (the carnivorous fish) which represent the majority of cultured species (Enes et al. 2011; Hemre et al. 2002; Wilson 1994)....
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...After feeding digestible carbohydrates, many fish species (mainly carnivorous) exhibit a persistent postprandial hyperglycaemia, which is associated with a concomitant decrease in growth and sometimes a ‘‘fatty liver’’ (Enes et al. 2011; Hemre et al. 2002; Panserat 2009)....
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...Feeding fish with enriched carbohydrate diets have been primarily studied in cultured species (Hemre et al. 2002; Panserat 2009; Wilson 1994) even though it is generally accepted that fish do not have a specific requirement for dietary glucose (NRC 2011)....
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...Although the only endogenous source of amylase in fish is the cells of the exocrine pancreas (Hemre et al. 2002), amylase can also be produced by the fish gut microbiota (Sugita et al. 1997). a-Amylase has been characterized biochemically in numerous species and cloned in some (Krogdahl et al.…...
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...Glucose plays a key role as energy source in the majority of mammals, but its importance in fish appears limited (Wilson 1994; Hemre et al. 2002; Stone 2003)....
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