Carbon-60 induced structures on the clean and oxygen covered Cu(110) surface: competitive adsorption
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of C60 molecules on a Cu(110) surface has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, and the C60 structure is unchanged upon oxygen adsoration, with a (2 × 1)-O structure forming around the c60 islands.
About: This article is published in Surface Science.The article was published on 1997-11-06. It has received 17 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Adsorption.
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TL;DR: In this article, the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) is used for exploring the atomic-scale realm of surfaces, and for investigating adsorbate-surface interactions.
413 citations
TL;DR: Departamento de Quí́mica Orgánica, Facultad de C.C. Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid.
Abstract: Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de C.C. Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, IMDEA-Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
111 citations
TL;DR: The topic covered in this review represents an important challenge in nanotechnology sincethe findings might have a wide range of applications, e.g., in electronics, sensing, and bio-recognition.
Abstract: Controlled two-dimensional assembly of organic molecules can be successfully realized by meansof surface nanotemplates that provide surface cues for assembly upon adsorption. Examples of suchtemplates are nanostructured surfaces and organic porous networks. In this review, we discuss theformation and use of such templates for controlled molecular assembly. The formation of the organicporous network is typically based on non-covalent interactions, e.g., hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipoleinteractions, metal-organic coordination bonds together with substrate-mediated molecular interactions.The pores of the network can act as hosts for specific organic molecules. The chemical structureof the molecular building blocks of the porous network has a primary effect on the shape, size,and chemical reactivity of the cavities. Long-range mesoscale reconstructions can also be employedas surface nanotemplates based on the selective adsorption of atomic or molecular species at specificsurface sites. Scanning tunneling microscopy is the key tool to study the formation of the nanotemplatesas well as the effect of the template in the growth of the ordered organic structures. The reportedstudies contribute to build the rationale in the design and fabrication of two-dimensional organicnetworks. The topic covered in this review represents an important challenge in nanotechnology sincethese findings might have a wide range of applications, e.g., in electronics, sensing, and bio-recognition.
110 citations
TL;DR: Variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy studies reveal two distinctly different states of C60 on the COR host lattice, with different binding energies and bowl-ball separations, and the transition from a weakly bound precursor state to strongly bound host-guest complex is found to be thermally activated.
Abstract: Corannulene (COR) buckybowls were proposed as near ideal hosts for fullerene C60, but direct complexation of C60 and COR has remained a challenge in supramolecular chemistry. We report the formation of surface-supported COR-C60 host-guest complexes by deposition of C60 onto a COR lattice on Cu(110). Variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy studies reveal two distinctly different states of C60 on the COR host lattice, with different binding energies and bowl-ball separations. The transition from a weakly bound precursor state to a strongly bound host-guest complex is found to be thermally activated. Simple model calculations show that this bistability originates from a subtle interplay between homo- and heteromolecular interactions.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the binding and ordering of C60 on a Pd(110) surface employing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray Photo Electron Diffraction (XPD) was studied.
Abstract: We present a comprehensive study on the binding and ordering of C60 on a Pd(110) surface employing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). Three well-ordered structures evolving at elevated temperatures were identified, with (∓2 ±5 7 −1), (4×5), (4×8) unit cells and a coverage of 1, 0.82 and 0.77 physical monolayers, respectively. The rearrangement of Pd substrate atoms turns out to play a crucial role in the evolution of thin C60 films. In STM images alternating bright and dark molecular rows are found for the regular structures. This height difference is attributed to a restructuring of the Pd substrate. Whereas the C60 molecules of the bright molecular rows are embedded in one layer deep microscopic pits, C60 accommodated in two layer deep pits account for the dark molecular rows. XPD results complete the understanding of the film structure. They reveal that the orientation of the C60...
64 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
Abstract: During experiments aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which long-chain carbon molecules are formed in interstellar space and circumstellar shells1, graphite has been vaporized by laser irradiation, producing a remarkably stable cluster consisting of 60 carbon atoms. Concerning the question of what kind of 60-carbon atom structure might give rise to a superstable species, we suggest a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal. This object is commonly encountered as the football shown in Fig. 1. The C60 molecule which results when a carbon atom is placed at each vertex of this structure has all valences satisfied by two single bonds and one double bond, has many resonance structures, and appears to be aromatic. Before 1985, it was generally accepted that elemental carbon exists in two forms, or allotropes: diamond and graphite. Then, Kroto et al. identified the signature of a new, stable form of carbon that consisted of clusters of 60 atoms. They called this third allotrope of carbon 'buckminsterfullerene', and proposed that it consisted of polyhedral molecules in which the atoms were arrayed at the vertices of a truncated icosahedron. In 1990, the synthesis of large quantities of C60 [see Nature 347, 354–358 (1990)] confirmed this hypothesis.
13,394 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a first-order phase transition from a low-temperature simple-cubic structure with a four-molecule basis to a face-centered-cUBIC structure at 249 K was shown.
Abstract: Synchrotron-x-ray powder-diffraction and differential-scanning-calorimetry measurements on solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ reveal a first-order phase transition from a low-temperature simple-cubic structure with a four-molecule basis to a face-centered-cubic structure at 249 K. The free-energy change at the transition is approximately 6.7 J/g. Model fits to the diffraction intensities are consistent with complete orientational disorder at room temperature, and with the development of orientational order rather than molecular displacements or distortions at low temperature.
1,125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional precipitation from a dilute mixed fluid into a solid phase rather than a solid-solid transformation is described, which is more appropriately described to be of ''added-row'' rather than of ''missing-row''.
Abstract: Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations on nucleation and growth of the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)O-Cu(110) structure revealed that the new phase is formed by condensation of mobile chemisorbed O atoms with Cu adatoms evaporating from steps and diffusing across the terraces of the substrate surface. This process can be regarded as two-dimensional precipitation from a dilute mixed fluid into a solid phase rather than a solid-solid transformation. The resulting structure is more appropriately described to be of ``added-row'' rather than of ``missing-row'' type.
415 citations
TL;DR: He diffraction and scanning-tunneling-microscopy investigations on the growth or the Cu{110}-(2×1)O added-row structure reveal a novel phenomenon: the long-range spatial self-organization or two-dimensional islands.
Abstract: He diffraction and scanning-tunneling-microscopy investigations on the growth of the Cu{110}-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)O added-row structure reveal a novel phenomenon: the long-range spatial self-organization of two-dimensional islands. In a wide coverage range the anisotropic Cu-O islands arrange themselves in a striped periodic supergrating, with the stripes running along the 〈001〉 direction. The spacing of the supergrating depends on oxygen coverage and temperature and varies between 140 and 60 \AA{}.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the applicability of the seventeen two-dimensional space groups and the eighty diperiodic groups in three dimensions to the description of a surface structure relative to a triperiodic substrate.
Abstract: The recent increase of activity in the field of slow‐electron diffraction has resulted in a need for agreement on conventions of terminology in the description of a diperiodic surface structure relative to a triperiodic substrate. Vector description of the surface structure net in terms of the substrate surface net is suggested. Fractional Miller indices result when the surface structure mesh is larger than the substrate surface mesh. The surface structure may be either that of a deposit or that of the selvedge of the substrate.With the relaxation of one of the diffraction conditions in the diperiodic structure the reciprocal lattice becomes a set of parallel rods intersecting the Ewald sphere continuously with change of wavelength of the incident radiation or change of orientation of the crystal.The paper discusses the applicability of the seventeen two‐dimensional space groups and the eighty diperiodic groups in three dimensions to these diperiodic structures. A comparison is made between the different ...
329 citations