Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and carotid artery intima-media thickness in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
Olli T. Raitakari,Markus Juonala,Mika Kähönen,Leena Taittonen,Tomi Laitinen,Noora Mäki-Torkko,Mikko J. Järvisalo,Matti Uhari,Eero Jokinen,Tapani Rönnemaa,Hans K. Åkerblom,Jorma Viikari +11 more
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TLDR
Risk factor profile assessed in 12- to 18-year-old adolescents predicts adult common carotid artery IMT independently of contemporaneous risk factors, suggesting that exposure to cardiovascular risk factors early in life may induce changes in arteries that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.Abstract:
ContextExposure to cardiovascular risk factors during childhood and adolescence
may be associated with the development of atherosclerosis later in life.ObjectiveTo study the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors measured
in childhood and adolescence and common carotid artery intima-media thickness
(IMT), a marker of preclinical atherosclerosis, measured in adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPopulation-based, prospective cohort study conducted at 5 centers in
Finland among 2229 white adults aged 24 to 39 years who were examined in childhood
and adolescence at ages 3 to 18 years in 1980 and reexamined 21 years later,
between September 2001 and January 2002.Main Outcome MeasuresAssociation between cardiovascular risk variables (levels of low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C],
and triglycerides; LDL-C/HDL-C ratio; systolic and diastolic blood pressure;
body mass index; smoking) measured in childhood and adulthood and common carotid
artery IMT measured in adulthood.ResultsIn multivariable models adjusted for age and sex, IMT in adulthood was
significantly associated with childhood LDL-C levels (P = .001), systolic blood pressure (P<.001),
body mass index (P = .007), and smoking (P = .02), and with adult systolic blood pressure (P<.001), body mass index (P<.001), and
smoking (P = .004). The number of risk factors measured
in 12- to 18-year-old adolescents, including high levels (ie, extreme age-
and sex-specific 80th percentile) of LDL-C, systolic blood pressure, body
mass index, and cigarette smoking, were directly related to carotid IMT measured
in young adults at ages 33 through 39 years (P<.001
for both men and women), and remained significant after adjustment for contemporaneous
risk variables. The number of risk factors measured at ages 3 to 9 years demonstrated
a weak direct relationship with carotid IMT at ages 24 to 30 years in men
(P = .02) but not in women (P =
.63).ConclusionsRisk factor profile assessed in 12- to 18-year-old adolescents predicts
adult common carotid artery IMT independently of contemporaneous risk factors.
These findings suggest that exposure to cardiovascular risk factors early
in life may induce changes in arteries that contribute to the development
of atherosclerosis.read more
Citations
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Defining and Setting National Goals for Cardiovascular Health Promotion and Disease Reduction The American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal Through 2020 and Beyond
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones,Yuling Hong,Darwin R. Labarthe,Dariush Mozaffarian,Lawrence J. Appel,Linda Van Horn,Kurt J. Greenlund,Stephen R. Daniels,Graham Nichol,Gordon F. Tomaselli,Donna K. Arnett,Gregg C. Fonarow,P. Michael Ho,Michael S. Lauer,Frederick A. Masoudi,Rose Marie Robertson,Véronique L. Roger,Lee H. Schwamm,Paul D. Sorlie,Clyde W. Yancy,Wayne D. Rosamond +20 more
TL;DR: This document details the procedures and recommendations of the Goals and Metrics Committee of the Strategic Planning Task Force of the American Heart Association, which developed the 2020 Impact Goals, to improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20% while reducing deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke by 20%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine.
James H. Stein,Claudia E. Korcarz,R. Todd Hurst,Eva Lonn,Christopher B. Kendall,Emile R. Mohler,Samer S. Najjar,Christopher M. Rembold,Wendy S. Post +8 more
TL;DR: This activity describes the rationale for using carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and to evaluate cardiovascular disease risk, and explains the key components of interpreting carOTid ultrasound studies for cardiovascular Disease risk assessment.
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Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the latest developments with regard to physical fitness and several health outcomes in young people is presented, and the authors suggest that health promotion policies and physical activity programs should be designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, but also two other physical fitness components such us muscular fitness and speed/agility.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Metabolic Syndrome
Marc-Andre Cornier,Dana Dabelea,Teri L. Hernandez,Rachel C. Lindstrom,Amy J. Steig,Nicole R. Stob,Rachael E. Van Pelt,Hong Wang,Robert H. Eckel +8 more
TL;DR: The "metabolic syndrome" is a clustering of components that reflect overnutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and resultant excess adiposity that is associated with an approximate doubling of cardiovascular disease risk and a 5-fold increased risk for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Book ChapterDOI
The Metabolic Syndrome
TL;DR: The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) report added the metabolic syndrome, a multidimensional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), as a coequal partner of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol for risk-reduction therapies.
References
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TL;DR: A method for estimating the cholesterol content of the serum low-density lipoprotein fraction (Sf0-20) is presented and comparison of this suggested procedure with the more direct procedure, in which the ultracentrifuge is used, yielded correlation coefficients of .94 to .99.
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Carotid-Artery Intima and Media Thickness as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Older Adults
Daniel H. O'Leary,Joseph F. Polak,Richard A. Kronmal,Teri A. Manolio,Gregory L. Burke,Sidney K. Wolfson +5 more
TL;DR: Increases in the thickness of the intima and media of the carotid artery, as measured noninvasively by ultrasonography, are directly associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults without a history of cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study
Gerald S. Berenson,Sathanur R. Srinivasan,Weihang Bao,William P. Newman,Richard E. Tracy,Wendy A. Wattigney +5 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that as the number of cardiovascular risk factors increases, so does the severity of asymptomatic coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in young people.
Journal ArticleDOI
Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction The Rotterdam Study
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that an increased common carotid IMT is associated with future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and Stroke risk increased gradually with increasing IMT.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence with Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness and Major Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987–1993
Lloyd E. Chambless,Gerardo Heiss,Aaron R. Folsom,Wayne D. Rosamond,Moyses Szklo,A. Richey Sharrett,Limin X. Clegg +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined whether greater carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in asymptomatic individuals is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
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