Carrageenan and its applications in drug delivery.
TL;DR: Based on the special characteristics of carrageenan, it has been used as a gelling agent/viscosity enhancing agent for controlled drug release and prolonged retention and for tissue regeneration with therapeutic biomacromolecules and for cell delivery.
About: This article is published in Carbohydrate Polymers.The article was published on 2014-03-15. It has received 413 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carrageenan & Drug delivery.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This work summarized the latest discoveries and advancements in the study of antioxidative polysaccharides and gave a detailed description of the possible mechanisms of these antioxidant actions.
Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) induced oxidative stress will cause significant damage to cell structure and biomolecular function, directly or indirectly leading to a number of diseases The overproduction of ROS/RNS will be balanced by nonenzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes Polysaccharide or glycoconjugates derived from natural products are of considerable interest from the viewpoint of potent in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activities recently Particularly, with regard to the in vitro antioxidant systems, polysaccharides are considered as effective free radical scavenger, reducing agent, and ferrous chelator in most of the reports However, the underlying mechanisms of these antioxidant actions have not been illustrated systematically and sometimes controversial results appeared among various literatures To address this issue, we summarized the latest discoveries and advancements in the study of antioxidative polysaccharides and gave a detailed description of the possible mechanisms
484 citations
TL;DR: A review of hydrogel-based biomaterial inks and bioinks for 3D printing can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of the tailorability of material, mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties.
Abstract: 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner dispensing with conventional molding or machining. Since the incipiency, significant advancements have been achieved in understanding the process of 3D printing and the relationship of component, structure, property and application of the created objects. Because hydrogels are one of the most feasible classes of ink materials for 3D printing and this field has been rapidly advancing, this Review focuses on hydrogel designs and development of advanced hydrogel-based biomaterial inks and bioinks for 3D printing. It covers 3D printing techniques including laser printing (stereolithography, two-photon polymerization), extrusion printing (3D plotting, direct ink writing), inkjet printing, 3D bioprinting, 4D printing and 4D bioprinting. It provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the tailorability of material, mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties of hydrogels to enable advanced hydrogel designs for 3D printing. The range of hydrogel-forming polymers covered encompasses biopolymers, synthetic polymers, polymer blends, nanocomposites, functional polymers, and cell-laden systems. The representative biomedical applications selected demonstrate how hydrogel-based 3D printing is being exploited in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cancer research, in vitro disease modeling, high-throughput drug screening, surgical preparation, soft robotics and flexible wearable electronics. Incomparable by thermoplastics, thermosets, ceramics and metals, hydrogel-based 3D printing is playing a pivotal role in the design and creation of advanced functional (bio)systems in a customizable way. An outlook on future directions of hydrogel-based 3D printing is presented.
427 citations
TL;DR: The role of pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery, their mechanism of action, swelling, and drug release as a function of pH change along the GI tract is enlightened.
Abstract: Improving the safety efficacy ratio of existing drugs is a current challenge to be addressed rather than the development of novel drugs which involve much expense and time. The efficacy of drugs is affected by a number of factors such as their low aqueous solubility, unequal absorption along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, risk of degradation in the acidic milieu of the stomach, low permeation of the drugs in the upper GI tract, systematic side effects, etc. This review aims to enlighten readers on the role of pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery, their mechanism of action, swelling, and drug release as a function of pH change along the GI tract. The basis for the selection of materials, their structural features, physical and chemical properties, the presence of ionic pendant groups, and the influence of their pKa and pKb values on the ionization, consequent swelling, and targeted drug release are also highlighted.
406 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of sulfated polysaccharides in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan.
Abstract: In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
379 citations
Cites background from "Carrageenan and its applications in..."
...A very complete assessment in this regard was recently performed [9] and the readers are directed to that review for further details....
[...]
...Th average molecular weight of commercially available carrageenan ranges from 100 to 1000 kDa [9]....
[...]
...A recent work reviewed the application of carrageenan in drug delivery, including the production of nanoparticles [9] and, therefore, we will focus on works not comprised in that review or which are considered relevant....
[...]
...The average molecular weight of commercially available carrageenan ranges from 100 to 1000 kDa [9]....
[...]
TL;DR: This review article presents different sources and properties of carrageenans with special emphasis on natural polymer based Carrageenan blends and composites and their applications in controlled drug delivery system, wound dressing and tissue engineering because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility, food industry as thickening/gelling materials, cosmeceuticals and making polyelectrolyte complexes.
261 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients is internationally recognised as the authoritative source of information on pharmaceutical excipients giving a comprehensive guide to uses, properties and safety.
Abstract: Since 1986, the "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients" has been the essential reference for those involved in the development, production, control, or regulation of pharmaceutical preparations. Published jointly by the American Pharmacists Association and the Pharmaceutical Press, a division of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London, UK, this new edition is a comprehensive guide to the uses, properties, and safety of pharmaceutical excipients.
7,329 citations
"Carrageenan and its applications in..." refers background or methods in this paper
...CG is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritating material when used in nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations (Rowe et al., 2009)....
[...]
...The resulting gel threads are further washed with KCl solution and are pressed, dried and milled to CG powder (McHugh, 1987; Rowe et al., 2009)....
[...]
TL;DR: This review describes important aspects of carrageenans related to their industrial/therapeutic applications, physicochemical properties and structural analysis and indicates that these polysaccharides may offer some protection against HIV infection.
986 citations
TL;DR: A selection of the most important polysaccharides, usually non-toxic, biocompatible and show a number of peculiar physico-chemical properties that make them suitable for different applications in drug delivery systems, are reviewed.
897 citations
TL;DR: The main polysaccharides currently used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical domains are chitin and its derivative chitosan, hyaluronan, and alginates.
Abstract: This review concerns the applications of some polysaccharides in the domain of biomaterials and bioactive polymers. Natural polysaccharides from different sources have been studied for a long time, and their main properties are summarized in this paper; some of their derivatives obtained by chemical modification are also described. The main polysaccharides currently used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical domains are chitin and its derivative chitosan, hyaluronan and alginates. Alginates are well known for their property of forming a physical gel in the presence of divalent counterions (Ca, Ba, Sr) whereas carrageenans form a thermoreversible gel; these seaweed polysaccharides are mainly used to encapsulate different materials (cells, bacteria, fungi). Other promising systems are the electrostatic complexes formed when an anionic polysaccharide is mixed with a cationic polysaccharide (e.g. alginate/chitosan or hyaluronan/chitosan). An important development of the applications of polysaccharides can be predicted for the next few years in relation to their intrinsic properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability in the human body for some of them; they are also renewable and have interesting physical properties (film-forming, gelling and thickening properties). In addition, they are easily processed in different forms such as beads, films, capsules and fibres. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
866 citations
TL;DR: The present paper will provide an update on the structural chemistry of the major sulfated polysaccharides synthesized by seaweeds including the galactans, ulvans, and fucans and the recent findings on the anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antiviral, immuno-inflammatory, antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of sulfated Polysaccharide and their potential for therapeutic application.
Abstract: Sulfated polysaccharides and their lower molecular weight oligosaccharide derivatives from marine macroalgae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. The present paper will review the recent progress in research on the structural chemistry and the bioactivities of these marine algal biomaterials. In particular, it will provide an update on the structural chemistry of the major sulfated polysaccharides synthesized by seaweeds including the galactans (e.g., agarans and carrageenans), ulvans, and fucans. It will then review the recent findings on the anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antiviral, immuno-inflammatory, antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides and their potential for therapeutic application.
834 citations