Journal ArticleDOI
Carrier tunneling and device characteristics in polymer light‐emitting diodes
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In this article, it was shown that the characteristics of light-emitting diodes based upon MEH-PPV are determined by tunneling both the holes and the electrons through interface barriers caused by the band offset between the polymer and the electrodes.Abstract:
In this paper it is demonstrated that the characteristics of light‐emitting diodes based upon MEH‐PPV [more fully known as poly(2‐methoxy,5‐(2’‐ethyl‐hexoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene‐ vinylene)] are determined by tunneling of both the holes and the electrons through interface barriers caused by the band offset between the polymer and the electrodes. It is shown that manipulating these offsets can control the useful operating voltage of the device as well as its efficiency. A model is developed that clearly explains the device characteristics of a wide range of diodes based upon MEH‐PPV. The turn‐on voltage for an ideal device is shown to be equal to the band gap, i.e., 2.1 eV for MEH‐PPV, and is slightly lower at 1.8 eV for an indium‐tin oxide/MEH‐PPV/Ca device. If there is a significant difference in the barrier height, the smaller of the two barriers controls the I–V characteristics, while the larger barrier determines the device efficiency. In indium‐tin‐oxide/MEH‐PPV/Ca devices, the barrier to hole injection is ...read more
Citations
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Polymer photovoltaic cells : enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions
TL;DR: In this paper, the carrier collection efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of polymer photovoltaic cells were improved by blending of the semiconducting polymer with C60 or its functionalized derivatives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells
TL;DR: This review gives a general introduction to the materials, production techniques, working principles, critical parameters, and stability of the organic solar cells, and discusses the alternative approaches such as polymer/polymer solar cells and organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electroluminescence in conjugated polymers
Richard H. Friend,R. W. Gymer,A.B. Holmes,J. H. Burroughes,R.N. Marks,Carlo Taliani,Donal D. C. Bradley,D.A. dos Santos,Jean-Luc Brédas,Michael Lögdlund,William R. Salaneck +10 more
TL;DR: Research in the use of organic polymers as active semiconductors in light-emitting diodes has advanced rapidly, and prototype devices now meet realistic specifications for applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic
TL;DR: The future holds even greater promise for this technology, with an entirely new generation of ultralow-cost, lightweight and even flexible electronic devices in the offing, which will perform functions traditionally accomplished using much more expensive components based on conventional semiconductor materials such as silicon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid organic/inorganic electroluminescent device was constructed based on the recombination of holes injected into a layer of semiconducting p-paraphenylene vinylene (PPV) with electrons injected into the multilayer film of cadmium selenide nanocrystals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields
Ralph Howard Fowler,L. Nordheim +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the main features of the extraction of electrons from cold metals by intense electric fields are well known, and an approximate theory of the effect was first developed by Schottky.
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Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymers
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were constructed from conjugated polymers, using poly(ethylene-terephthalates) as the substrate, soluble poly-aniline as the hole-injecting electrode, substituted poly(1,4-phenylene-vinylene) as electroluminescent layer and calcium as the electron-injection top contract.
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Visible light emission from semiconducting polymer diodes
David Braun,Alan J. Heeger +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported visible light emission from Shottky diodes made from semiconducting polymers, confirming the discovery by the Cambridge group [Nature 347, 539 (1990)].
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Realization of a blue-light-emitting device using poly(p-phenylene)†‡
Journal ArticleDOI
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) light-emitting diodes : enhanced electroluminescent efficiency through charge carrier confinement
Adam R. Brown,Donal D. C. Bradley,J. H. Burroughes,Richard H. Friend,Neil C. Greenham,Paul L. Burn,A.B. Holmes,Arno Kraft +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a light-emitting diodes with poly(phenylenevinylene) as the emissive layer and with an electron-transporting layer formed from a solid state dispersion of 2.4biphenylyl, 5.5.tert.butylphenyl) and 1,3,4.oxadiazole in poly(methyl methacrylate), placed between this and the negative electrode.