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Carsharing as Parking Management Strategy

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the impact of car-sharing on vehicle ownership and parking demand, and argue that car sharing needs to be employed as part of a wider policy framework to discourage auto ownership and use, in order for the maximum impacts to be realized.
Abstract: This paper examines how cities, transit agencies, developers and other partner organizations can introduce car-sharing as a parking management strategy. The research reported is based on a new TCRP study: Car-Sharing: Where and How it Succeeds. First, the paper evaluates the impact of car-sharing on vehicle ownership and parking demand. Parking management strategies recognize that providing more parking is not the only way to ensure that spaces are available, and that parking availability can also be maintained through influencing the demand side of the equation. Data from the TCRP study suggest that each car-sharing vehicle replaces 14.9 privately owned vehicles. Reduced vehicle ownership may mean that less residential parking has to be provided, and businesses may be able to lease fewer parking spaces. Parking demand reduction is one of the major goals cited by partner organizations for supporting car-sharing. Second, the paper examines how car-sharing programs have been implemented in various settings. It discusses three supportive actions that specifically link car-sharing to parking demand management: providing parking for car-sharing vehicles; adjusting parking requirements for developments that incorporate car-sharing; and replacing vehicle fleets with car-sharing. Finally, it concludes by arguing that car-sharing needs to be employed as part of a wider policy framework to discourage auto ownership and use, in order for the maximum impacts to be realized. Therefore, while car-sharing is unlikely to be viable in isolation, it makes excellent sense as part of a coordinated parking management strategy.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified cost savings, convenient locations, and guaranteed parking as the most common motivations for carsharing use worldwide, and compared them with other car-sharing services.
Abstract: Carsharing (or short-term auto use) provides a flexible alternative that meets diverse transportation needs across the globe while reducing the negative impacts of private vehicle ownership. Although carsharing appeared in Europe between the 1940s and 1980s, the concept did not become popularized until the early 1990s. For nearly 20 years, worldwide participation in carsharing has been growing. Today, carsharing operates in approximately 600 cities around the world, in 18 nations and on 4 continents. Approximately 348,000 individuals share nearly 11,700 vehicles as part of organized carsharing services (>60% in Europe). Malaysia is operating a carsharing pilot, with a planned launch in 2007. Another eight countries are exploring carsharing. Thirty-three carsharing expert surveys were identified on an international basis. Cost savings, convenient locations, and guaranteed parking were identified as the most common motivations for carsharing use worldwide. An international comparison of carsharing operation...

317 citations


Cites background from "Carsharing as Parking Management St..."

  • ...One of the factors limiting carsharing expansion is the development of a dense network of lots for carsharing users, such as on-street and transit-based parking (33, 34)....

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12 Mar 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified cost savings, convenient locations, and guaranteed parking as the most common motivations for carsharing use worldwide, and provided an international comparison of car-sharing operations, including similarities and differences.
Abstract: Carsharing (or short-term auto use) provides a flexible alternative that meets diverse transportation needs across the globe while reducing the negative impacts of private vehicle ownership. Although carsharing appeared in Europe between the 1940s and 1980s, the concept did not become popularized until the early 1990s. For nearly 20 years, worldwide participation in carsharing has been growing. Today, carsharing operates in approximately 600 cities around the world, in 18 nations and on 4 continents. Approximately 348,000 individuals share nearly 11,700 vehicles as part of organized carsharing services (>60% in Europe). Malaysia is operating a carsharing pilot, with a planned launch in 2007. Another eight countries are exploring carsharing. Thirty-three carsharing expert surveys were identified on an international basis. Cost savings, convenient locations, and guaranteed parking were identified as the most common motivations for carsharing use worldwide. An international comparison of carsharing operations, including similarities and differences, is provided. Continued growth is forecast, particularly among new and emerging market segments, such as businesses and universities. Growth-oriented operators will continue to account for the largest number of members and fleets deployed worldwide. In addition, high energy costs; limited and expensive parking; ongoing diffusion of operational knowledge, benefits, and supportive technologies; and increased demand for personal vehicle access in developing nations will affect carsharing’s growth and expansion.

55 citations


Cites background from "Carsharing as Parking Management St..."

  • ...One of the limiting factors to carsharing expansion is the development of a dense network of lots for carsharing users, such as on-street and transit-based parking (33, 34)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted among carsharing users in Brazil, which aimed to purify and validate the proposed scale and confirm the validity and reliability of the studied construct.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards greater collaboration in various spheres of society, in which the creation of value from shared resources while balancing self-interest and community well-being is emphasized. Consumption has ceased to be characterized exclusively by the purchase and possession of goods; instead new collaborative initiatives represented by exchanges, loans, renting, and other forms of sharing that allow consumers access to a good or service only in the time they are necessary have appeared. However, few studies have attempted to measure the reasons that lead consumers to practice collaborative consumption. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to propose a scale that measures the motivators, facilitators, and constraints for this mode of consumption. For this, a study was conducted among carsharing users in Brazil, which aimed to purify and validate the proposed scale. The results indicate that collaborative consumption applied to a carsharing setting is composed of six dimensions and confirm the validity and reliability of the studied construct. The discussion highlights the study findings and offers suggestions for further research into this topic.

35 citations


Cites background from "Carsharing as Parking Management St..."

  • ...[28] indicate that shared use of private cars plays an important role in reducing congestion and pollution rates because many individuals reduce or cancel car purchases or sales after becoming members of carsharing programs....

    [...]

01 Mar 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the state of the practice with respect to carsharing and parking policies in North America is discussed. And the results of a survey exploring the public's opinion about the provision of on-street parking for cars-sharing in the San Francisco Bay Area are presented.
Abstract: At present, local jurisdictions across North America are evaluating how best to provide parking spaces to carsharing vehicles in a fair and equitable manner. Some have initiated implementation of carsharing parking policies, and many continue to evolve as the demand and need for carsharing grows. Many others are seeking guidance on carsharing parking, based on the fledgling experience of other cities. This study documents the state of the practice with respect to carsharing and parking policies in North America. The study begins by providing background on the evidence of carsharing benefits and an overview of carsharing and parking policy internationally. This is followed, in Section Three, by a more detailed description of carsharing parking policies in North America that highlights key policy attributes, including parking allocation, caps, fees and permits, signage, enforcement, public involvement processes, and impact studies. In Section Four, in-depth case studies are presented for more advanced carsharing parking policies in the United States, including Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Portland, Oregon; Washington, D.C.; and the San Francisco Bay Area and the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District. In Section Five, the results of a survey exploring the public’s opinion about the provision of on-street parking for carsharing in the San Francisco Bay Area is presented. Finally, in Section Six, key results are summarized to provide policy guidance to local governmental agencies considering the implementation of carsharing parking policies.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated car-sharing behavior with regard to a different and little investigated aspect of users' behavior: modeling the propensity in adhering to a carsharing system.
Abstract: In this paper carsharing behavior was investigated with regard to a different and little investigated aspect of users’ behavior: modeling the propensity in adhering to a carsharing system. The propensity was modeled within the random utility framework through starting from a stated preferences survey. The main focus was on the investigation and estimation of a set of attributes able to interpret and measure the propensity. In particular, together with socio-economic and activity related attributes, the satisfaction variable (expected maximum utility) was tested in order to interpret the interest towards carsharing in light of the level of service supplied by the other transport modes and of the users’ socio-economic and activity-based characteristics. The satisfaction variable was specifically calibrated on actual mode choice behavior starting from revealed preferences data.

25 citations