Caste and Occupational Structure in Central India
TL;DR: This article found that intergenierational mobility is frequent amonlg rural and urban castes but it is generally confined to occupations of similar rank, thus, mobility has a negligible effect upon the traditional association between positionls in the caste and occupational hierarchies.
Abstract: Interview data lend little support to the view that the caste system obstructs occupational change in India. Intergenierational mobility is frequent amonlg rural and urban castes but it is generally confined to occupations of similar rank. Hence, mobility has a negligible effect upon the traditional association between positionls in the caste and occupational hierarchies. This association is attributable to differences among castes in educational attainmenit.
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TL;DR: In this article, a specific view of caste and its transformations with an emphasis on the socioeconomic or labor market dimension is presented. But the authors focus on the fluid nature of the caste system and its transformation in the economic domain.
Abstract: The caste system, its salient characteristics, and its subtle and more obvious transformations, coupled with its persistence and pervasiveness, have been central to studies of Indian society. This review provides a specific view of caste and its transformations with an emphasis on the socioeconomic or labor market dimension. Such a perspective is particularly crucial as one of the distinctive features of caste is the inheritance of occupations. A major argument of modernization has been the increasing movement away from occupational inheritance. This review traces the limited support for the “Orientalist” view of caste as essentially unchanging and focuses on the fluid nature of caste and its transformation in the economic domain.
79 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the extent of intergenerational mobility in both educational and occupational attainments for diverse ethnic groups in India to understand the inertia of discrimination prevalent, and found that strong inter-generational stickiness in educational achievement and occupational distribution among scheduled castes and tribes who have been discriminated against historically.
Abstract: Discrimination against specific ethnic groups transcends the boundary of current generation and perpetuates across future generations as well. This is manifested as low Intergenerational Mobility in terms of both Education and Occupation in developing countries in general, and among specific ethnic groups within those countries in particular. The present paper examines the extent of intergenerational mobility in both educational and occupational attainments for diverse ethnic groups in India to understand the inertia of discrimination prevalent. Results indicate strong intergenerational stickiness in both educational achievement and occupational distribution among the scheduled castes and tribes who have been discriminated against historically. Occupational mobility is lower than educational mobility indicating that educational progress is not being transformed to occupational improvement and brings up the possibility of discrimination in the labour market. This also brings to fore the fact that historical discrimination and social exclusion have had a long run effect and the inertia is quite strong.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the extent of intergenerational mobility in both educational and occupational attainments for diverse ethnic groups in India to understand the inertia of discrimination prevalent, and found that strong inter-generational stickiness in educational achievement and occupational distribution among scheduled castes and tribes who have been discriminated against historically.
Abstract: Discrimination against specific ethnic groups transcends the boundary of current generation and perpetuates across future generations as well. This is manifested as low Intergenerational Mobility in terms of both Education and Occupation in developing countries in general, and among specific ethnic groups within those countries in particular. The present paper examines the extent of intergenerational mobility in both educational and occupational attainments for diverse ethnic groups in India to understand the inertia of discrimination prevalent. Results indicate strong intergenerational stickiness in both educational achievement and occupational distribution among the scheduled castes and tribes who have been discriminated against historically. Occupational mobility is lower than educational mobility indicating that educational progress is not being transformed to occupational improvement and brings up the possibility of discrimination in the labour market. This also brings to fore the fact that historical discrimination and social exclusion have had a long run effect and the inertia is quite strong.
41 citations
Cites background or methods or result from "Caste and Occupational Structure in..."
...…(1992) for the US, Gang and Zimmermann (1999) for immigrant Germans, Black et al (2003) for Norway, Louw et al (2006) for South Africa, and Brown et al (2009) for Great Britain. c) Empirical Experience – Indian Context One of the earliest works in Indian context has been that of Driver (1962)....
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...…is on an average stronger for the Excluded Castes compared to the Advanced Castes, and for broad occupational grades compared to 1-digit NOC, confirming our earlier finding that much of the intergenerational mobility is lateral and not vertical [Driver (1962) also obtained similar results]....
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...Starting with Driver (1962), this method has been used by Erikson and Goldthorpe (1992, 2002), Cheng (1995), Biblarz (1996), Kumar (2002), Behrman et al (2001), Beller and Hout (2006), and Louw et al (2006)....
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TL;DR: This article examined intergenerational occupational mobility in India, and found substantial inter-generational persistence, particularly in the case of low-skilled and low-paying occupations, e.g., almost half the children of agricultural labourers end up becoming agricultural laborers.
Abstract: Using data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2005, we examine intergenerational occupational mobility in India, an issue on which very few systematic and rigorous studies exist. We group individuals into classes and document patterns of mobility at the rural, urban and all-India levels, and for different caste groups. We find substantial intergenerational persistence, particularly in the case of low-skilled and low-paying occupations, e.g. almost half the children of agricultural labourers end up becoming agricultural labourers. We also document differences across caste groups. Overall, our results suggest considerable inequality of opportunity in India.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of two important education policies in China on intergenerational education mobility, including the Compulsory Education Law implemented in 1986 and college expansion policy (CEP) started from 1999.
20 citations