Catalytic ignition of aquanol
01 Feb 2003-
TL;DR: In this article, a van supplied by Valley Transit of Lewiston, Idaho has been converted to catalytic ignition, in order to make the vehicle operate on either gasoline or Aquanol, modifications to the fuel handling, engine management, and ignition system were necessary.
Abstract: Aqueous fueled engines have the potential for lower emissions and higher engine efficiency than engines fueled with gasoline or diesel fuels. Past attempts to burn aqueous fuels in over-the-road vehicles have been unsuccessful due to difficulties in initiating combustion under varying environmental conditions. Ethanol-water mixtures, called Aquanol, require no special emulsifications to create and should provide significant emission reductions in CO and NOx, while producing no net CO2 emissions. Aldehydes, a part of the hydrocarbon emissions, are expected to increase with alcohol-based fuels. Understanding what parameters affect aldehyde formation will help create reduction strategies. Detailed detection of exhaust emissions is necessary for a quantitative comparison. Redundant measurements with two special purpose detectors will be used for emission comparisons. A van supplied by Valley Transit of Lewiston, Idaho has been converted to catalytic ignition. In order to make the vehicle operate on either gasoline or Aquanol, modifications to the fuel handling, engine management, and ignition system were necessary. A three-part vehicle test plan is currently underway to compare performance, fuel economy, and emissions between Aquanol and gasoline fuels.
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01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, multiple steady-state data were used for the construction of a kinetic model for the oxidation of aqueous ethanol with oxygen on a carbon supported platinum catalyst, and a model, incorporating reversible creation of oxygen adatoms on the catalyst surface from surface hydroxyl as well as reversible formation of subsurface oxygen from oxygen adats, could describe quantitatively all the observations.
Abstract: Multiple steady-states data were used for the construction of a kinetic model for the oxidation of aqueous ethanol with oxygen on a carbon supported platinum catalyst. A model, incorporating reversible creation of oxygen adatoms on the catalyst surface from surface hydroxyl as well as reversible formation of subsurface oxygen from oxygen adatoms, could describe quantitatively all the observations. It was essential that the reaction rate coefficients for the formation of atomic and subsurface oxygen strongly depend on the corresponding degrees of coverage introducing positive and negative feedback features.
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Book•
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Abstract: 1 Engine Types and Their Operations 2 Engine Design and Operating Parameters 3 Thermochemistry of Fuel-Air Mixtures 4 Properties of Working Fluids 5 Ideal Models of Engine Cycles 6 Gas Exchange Processes 7 SI Engine Fuel Metering and Manifold Phenomena 8 Charge Motion within the Cylinder 9 Combustion in Ignition Engines 10 Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines 11 Pollutant Formation and Control 12 Engine Heat Transfer 13 Engine Friction and Lubrication 14 Modeling Real Engine Flow and Combustion Processes 15 Engine Operating Characteristics Appendixes
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TL;DR: In this article, the second edition of the Second Edition of the first edition, the authors presented a simplified conversation equation for the solution of nonlinear flow equations for a C-H-O-N system.
Abstract: Preface Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition 1: Introduction 2: Combustion and Thermochemistry 3: Introduction to Mass Transfer 4: Chemical Kinetics 5: Some Important Chemical Mechanisms 6: Coupling Chemical and Thermal Analyses of Reacting Systems 7: Simplifed Conversation Equations for Reacting Flows 8: Laminar Premixed Flames 9: Laminar Diffusion Flames 10: Droplet Evaporation and Burning 11: Introduction to Turbulent Flows 12: Turbulent Premixed Flames 13: Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames 14: Burning of Solids 15: Pollutant Emissions 16: Detonations Appendix A: Selected Thermodynamic Propertiesof Gases Comprising C-H-O-N System Appendix B: Fuel Properties Appendix C: Selected Properties of Air, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Appendix D: Diffusion Coefficients and Methodology for their Estimation Appendix E: Generalized Newton's Method for the Solution of Nonlinear Equations Appendix F: Computer Codes for Equilibrium Products of Hydrocarbon-Air Combustion
2,129 citations
"Catalytic ignition of aquanol" refers result in this paper
...We investigated different laminar flame speed models [Turns, 2001 and Lund, C. M., 1995] and found three that produced results similar to the original, unknown model, and in the HCTPLT source code....
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TL;DR: In this paper, simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels have been examined using a numerical laminar flame model, and a simple procedure to determine the best values for the reaction rate parameters is demonstrated.
Abstract: Simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels have been examined using a numerical laminar flame model. The types of mechanisms studied include one and two global reaction steps as well as quasi-global mechanisms. Reaction rate parameters were varied in order to provide the best agreement between computed and experimentally observed flame speeds in selected mixtures of fuel and air. The influences of the various reaction rate parameters on the laminar flame properties have been identified, and a simple procedure to determine the best values for the reaction rate parameters is demonstrated. Fuels studied include n-paraffins from methane to n-decane, some methyl-substituted n-paraffins, acetylene, and representative olefin, alcohol and aromatic hydrocarbons. Results show that the often-employed choice of simultaneous first order fuel and oxidizer dependence for global rate expressions cannot yield the correct dependence of flame speed on equivalence ratio or pressure and can...
2,062 citations
"Catalytic ignition of aquanol" refers background in this paper
...CO2 is a greenhouse gas, but it is important to note that ethanol is a biofuel....
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...Aquanol looks to be an inexpensive, renewable fuel with distinct improvements in lowering NOx, CO, and net CO2 emissions....
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...Ethanol-water mixtures, called Aquanol, require no special emulsifications to create and should provide significant emission reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (NOx,) while producing no net carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions....
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...Data was collected on brake-specific emissions of CO, CO2, NOx, and HCs for both engines....
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...Ignition timing Decrease with ignition advance [10] [12]...
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