Journal ArticleDOI
Central nervous system control of food intake
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
A model is described that delineates the roles of individual hormonal and neuropeptide signalling pathways in the control of food intake and the means by which obesity can arise from inherited or acquired defects in their function.Abstract:
New information regarding neuronal circuits that control food intake and their hormonal regulation has extended our understanding of energy homeostasis, the process whereby energy intake is matched to energy expenditure over time. The profound obesity that results in rodents (and in the rare human case as well) from mutation of key signalling molecules involved in this regulatory system highlights its importance to human health. Although each new signalling pathway discovered in the hypothalamus is a potential target for drug development in the treatment of obesity, the growing number of such signalling molecules indicates that food intake is controlled by a highly complex process. To better understand how energy homeostasis can be achieved, we describe a model that delineates the roles of individual hormonal and neuropeptide signalling pathways in the control of food intake and the means by which obesity can arise from inherited or acquired defects in their function.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
TL;DR: In obese individuals, adipose tissue releases increased amounts of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and other factors that are involved in the development of insulin resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin: Structure and Function
Masayasu Kojima,Kenji Kangawa +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the release of GH from the pituitary might be regulated not only by hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone, but also by gh Relin derived from the stomach, which plays important roles for maintaining GH release and energy homeostasis in vertebrates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans.
Alison M. Wren,L. J. Seal,Mark Cohen,Audrey E. Brynes,Gary Frost,Kevin Murphy,Waljit S. Dhillo,M. A. Ghatei,S.R. Bloom +8 more
TL;DR: Ghrelin is the first circulating hormone demonstrated to stimulate food intake in man and is a potentially important new regulator of the complex systems controlling food intake and body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Gastric Bypass Surgery
David E. Cummings,David S. Weigle,R. Scott Frayo,Patricia A. Breen,Marina K. Ma,E. Patchen Dellinger,Jonathan Q. Purnell +6 more
TL;DR: The increase in the plasma ghrelin level with diet-induced weight loss is consistent with the hypothesis that gh Relin has a role in the long-term regulation of body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity and the Regulation of Energy Balance
TL;DR: The last 5 years of the millennium have witnessed a dramatic increase in understanding of the biology of regulated energy balance and body weight, and insights from the sequencing of the human genome and the coming advances in proteomics are likely to fuel the next wave of progress.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Yiying Zhang,Ricardo Proenca,Ricardo Proenca,Margherita Maffei,Marisa Barone,Marisa Barone,Lori Leopold,Lori Leopold,Jeffrey M. Friedman,Jeffrey M. Friedman +9 more
TL;DR: The ob gene product may function as part of a signalling pathway from adipose tissue that acts to regulate the size of the body fat depot.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans
Robert V. Considine,Madhur K. Sinha,Mark L. Heiman,Aidas Kriauciunas,Thomas W. Stephens,Mark R. Nyce,Joanna P. Ohannesian,Cheryl C. Marco,Linda J. McKee,Thomas L. Bauer,Jose F. Caro +10 more
TL;DR: Serum leptin concentrations are correlated with the percentage of body fat, suggesting that most obese persons are insensitive to endogenous leptin production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orexins and Orexin Receptors: A Family of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and G Protein-Coupled Receptors that Regulate Feeding Behavior
Takeshi Sakurai,Akira Amemiya,Makoto Ishii,Ichiyo Matsuzaki,Richard M. Chemelli,Hirokazu Tanaka,S. Clay Williams,James A. Richardson,Gerald P. Kozlowski,Shelagh Wilson,Jonathan R.S. Arch,Robin E. Buckingham,Andrea C. Haynes,Steven A. Carr,Roland S. Annan,Dean E. McNulty,Wu Schyong Liu,Jonathan A. Terrett,Nabil Elshourbagy,Derk J. Bergsma,Masashi Yanagisawa +20 more
TL;DR: Two novel neuropeptides are identified, both derived from the same precursor by proteolytic processing, that bind and activate two closely related (previously) orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the hypothalamus of rats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor Ob-R
Louis A. Tartaglia,Marlene Dembski,Xun Weng,Nanhua Deng,Janice A. Culpepper,Rene Devos,Grayson J. Richards,L. Arthur Campfield,Frederick T. Clark,Jim Deeds,Craig Muir,Sean Sanker,Ann Moriarty,Karen J. Moore,John S. Smutko,Gail G. Mays,Elizabeth A. Wool,Cheryl A. Monroe,Robert I. Tepper +18 more
TL;DR: The ob gene product, leptin, is an important circulating signal for the regulation of body weight and a series of leptin-alkaline phosphatase (AP) fusion proteins as well as [125I]leptin fusion proteins were generated to identify high affinity leptin-binding sites in the mouse choroid plexus.
Journal ArticleDOI
The hypocretins: Hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity
L de Lecea,Thomas S. Kilduff,Christelle Peyron,Xiao-Bing Gao,Pamela E. Foye,Patria E. Danielson,C. Fukuhara,Elena Battenberg,Vigdis T. Gautvik,Frederick S. Bartlett,Wayne N. Frankel,A. N. van den Pol,Floyd E. Bloom,Kaare M. Gautvik,J G Sutcliffe +14 more
TL;DR: A hypothalamus-specific mRNA is described that encodes preprohypocretin, the putative precursor of a pair of peptides that share substantial amino acid identities with the gut hormone secretin, suggesting that the hypocretins function within the CNS as neurotransmitters.