Journal Article•
Cerebral venous thrombosis
TL;DR: Hemostatic disorders are the leading causes of cerebral venous thrombosis, in particular, constitutional thromBophilia often associated with one or several promoting factors such as use of oral contraception, which explains the incidence peak among young women.
Abstract: Cerebral venous thrombosis represents less than 1 % of all strokes, usually affecting young women, probably because of hormonal factors. The most common symptom is headache, with or without focal neurological findings such as deficits or seizures. Brain MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis. Anticoagulation should be initiated as soon as possible, followed by vitamin K antagonists, for at least 3 months. Predisposing causes and risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis are multiple. Prognosis is good and recurrence rate is low.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the clinical presentations of the disorder such as those that occur after a head injury or lumbar puncture, and suggested anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and measures to control intracranial hypertension.
Abstract: Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses affects mainly young adults and children This potentially disabling or fatal condition is usually not diagnosed until a week after the onset of symptoms This review article describes the clinical presentations of the disorder such as those that occur after a head injury or lumbar puncture Therapeutic options include anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and measures to control intracranial hypertension
1,217 citations
TL;DR: Evidence-based recommendations are provided for the prevention of ischemic stroke caused by sickle cell disease, moyamoya disease, cervicocephalic arterial dissection, and cardiogenic embolism.
Abstract: Purpose— The purpose of this statement is to review the literature on childhood stroke and to provide recommendations for optimal diagnosis and treatment. This statement is intended for physicians ...
886 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that SWI often offers complementary information valuable in the diagnosis and potential treatment of patients with neurologic disorders, as well as a variety of neurovascular and neurodegenerative disease applications for SWI.
Abstract: SUMMARY: Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has continued to develop into a powerful clinical tool to visualize venous structures and iron in the brain and to study diverse pathologic conditions. SWI offers a unique contrast, different from spin attenuation, T1, T2, and T2* (see Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications, Part 1). In this clinical review (Part 2), we present a variety of neurovascular and neurodegenerative disease applications for SWI, covering trauma, stroke, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, venous anomalies, multiple sclerosis, and tumors. We conclude that SWI often offers complementary information valuable in the diagnosis and potential treatment of patients with neurologic disorders.
701 citations
Cites background from "Cerebral venous thrombosis"
...Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an infrequent neurologic condition, which is notoriously difficult to diagnose because of its nonspecific clinical presentation.(70) Direct evidence of sinus thrombosis such as the “triangle” sign and the “empty delta”...
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TL;DR: The main causes of acute death were neurologic, the most frequent mechanism being transtentorial herniation, and worsening of previous focal or de novo focal deficits increased the risk of death.
Abstract: Background and Purpose— The causes of death of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) have not been systematically addressed in previous studies. We aimed to analyze the causes and predictors of death during the acute phase of CVT in the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT) to identify preventable or treatable causes. Methods— ISCVT is a multinational, prospective, observational study including 624 patients with CVT occurring between May 1998 and May 2001, in which 27 patients (4.3%) died during the acute phase, 21 (3.4%) within 30 days from symptom onset. Inclusion forms and a questionnaire assessing the causes of death were analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of death within 30 days from symptom onset of CVT. Results— Median time between onset of symptoms and death was 13 days and between diagnosis and death, 5 days. Causes of death were mainly transtentorial herniation due to a unilateral focal mass effect (10 pati...
378 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis among adults is probably higher than previously believed.
Abstract: Background and Purpose—The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of adult cerebral venous thrombosis. Methods—A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all 19 hospitals located in 2 Dutch provinces serving 3.1 million people. Adult cerebral venous thrombosis cases diagnosed between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010, were identified using the Dutch financial coding system for hospital care and the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. Medical records of potential patients were hand searched to identify cerebral venous thrombosis cases. The Dutch National Bureau for Statistics provided population figures of the 2 provinces during 2008 to 2010. Results—Among 9270 potential cases, we identified 147 patients diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis. Of these, 53 patients did not meet the inclusion criteria; therefore, 94 patients were included in the analysis. The overall incidence was 1.32 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 1.06–1.61). Among women between ...
347 citations