Challenges in achieving high performance in boost PFC converter
01 Aug 2017-pp 1-6
TL;DR: The nature of these large signal variations and effect of a linear controller in this converter is analyzed and certain issues that lead to performance degradation in the converter are highlighted based on simulation results.
Abstract: Boost type front end Power Factor Correction (PFC) converters are used to obtain a sinusoidal input current which is in phase with the input sinusoidal voltage while at the same time maintaining the output voltage constant. This front end stage is required to conform to harmonic norms. Unlike a DC-DC boost converter with small signal input variations about the quiescent operating point, the boost PFC converter is subjected to large signal variations in every half line cycle. In this paper, the nature of these large signal variations and effect of a linear controller in this converter is analyzed. Further, certain issues that lead to performance degradation in the converter are highlighted based on simulation results.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an online ESR estimation method of aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) was proposed by using the wavelet transform (WT) based time-frequency analysis, and the relationship between ESR and the jump amount of output voltage at turn- off moments was analyzed first, and then the ESR calculation model was derived using WT with the Wavelet basis of the first derivative of Gaussian function.
Abstract: Aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) is one of the most age-affected components in ac–dc conversion, and its equivalent series resistance ( ESR ) is an important index for reflecting the healthy condition of AEC. In AEC-used boost power factor correction (PFC) converters, ESR of AEC causes a small jump in the switching ripple of output voltage at switching moments, especially at turn- off moments. This small jump is hardly observed at line-frequency scale, either using time-domain analysis or frequency-domain analysis. However using time–frequency analysis this jump is very prominent due to its singularity. In this article, an online ESR estimation method of AEC is proposed by using the wavelet transform (WT) based time–frequency analysis. The relationship between ESR and the jump amount of output voltage at turn- off moments is analyzed first, and then the ESR calculation model is derived using WT with the wavelet basis of the first derivative of Gaussian function. An appropriate sampling interval for the output voltage and the inductor current is determined. Besides, the online ESR estimation scheme is implemented including the hardware and software designs. Furthermore, a prototype of boost PFC converter with 220 V ac input and 360 V dc output is built, where an average current mode control chip UC3854 is used. Four factors are discussed for estimation accuracy in the experiment, and the estimated results are consistent with the results measured by LCR meter with a relative error less than 10%.
26 citations
TL;DR: An improved digital algorithm based on predictive control for the operation of a boost power factor correction (PFC) converter in the mixed conduction mode (MCM) is proposed and evaluated experimentally in terms of current tracking, current harmonics, and computation times.
Abstract: This article proposes an improved digital algorithm based on predictive control for the operation of a boost power factor correction (PFC) converter in the mixed conduction mode (MCM). The proposed MCM algorithm comprises of a proposed digital conduction mode detection method, a proposed predictive discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) average current controller, a proposed digital compensation technique in DCM to account for the initial nonzero inductor current during switch turn-on and also a predictive continuous conduction mode (CCM) average current controller. The proposed algorithm flow is computationally efficient with no additional sensor/circuit requirements and ensures low harmonic content in the input current. The proposed MCM algorithm is verified experimentally on a 300-W boost PFC converter hardware prototype for converter operation in MCM, pure DCM, and pure CCM within a half line cycle. The proposed MCM algorithm is evaluated experimentally in terms of current tracking, current harmonics, and computation times.
25 citations
TL;DR: A computationally simple predictive continuous conduction mode average current controller based on the concept of moving averages for the boost PFC converter and achieves nearly zero tracking error in the average inductor current is proposed.
Abstract: Predictive current controllers offer superior control action in power factor correction (PFC) converters, however, cause tracking error in the average inductor current due to the unmodeled circuit parameters and variations which could lead to higher harmonic currents, higher input current THD and impact on the output voltage. Attempts to make the predictive current control equations accurate leads to increased computational complexity, thus limiting the switching frequency of operation or increasing the processing requirements. This article proposes a computationally simple predictive continuous conduction mode average current controller based on the concept of moving averages for the boost PFC converter and achieves nearly zero tracking error in the average inductor current. Additionally, a predictive current controller is derived for performance comparison by considering the effect of major converter nonidealities and digital implementation aspects. The performance of the proposed predictive current controller is compared with that of a PI current controller, an ideal predictive current controller and the derived predictive current controller with nonidealities included. Experimental studies on a boost PFC converter hardware prototype validate the effectiveness of the proposed predictive current controller.
19 citations
Cites background from "Challenges in achieving high perfor..."
...However, PI controllers are designed and tuned based on the small signal transfer function Gid(s) [13], [33], [34]....
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...PI/PID current controllers are designed as per the small signal control to current transfer function Gid(s) of the converter [13], [33], [34]....
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TL;DR: An extensive review of PFC single-phase AC/DC converters operating with the Boost converter topology for low and medium voltage as well as and power appliances and a comparison performance in terms of P FC, Total Harmonic Distortion, power capacity, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), number of elements, and efficiency is included.
Abstract: Power Factor Correction (PFC) single-phase AC/DC converters are used in several power electronics applications as full wave control rectifiers improving power quality and providing high standards of efficiency. Many papers dealing with the description or use of such topologies have been published in recent years; however, a review that describes and organizes their specific details has not been reported in the technical literature. Therefore, this paper presents an extensive review of PFC single-phase AC/DC converters operating with the Boost converter topology for low and medium voltage as well as and power appliances. A categorization of bridge, semi-bridgeless, and bridgeless, in accordance with the construction characteristics, was carried out in order to unify the technical terminology. Benefits and disadvantages are described and analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a comparison performance in terms of PFC, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), power capacity, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), number of elements, and efficiency is included.
16 citations
01 Oct 2018
TL;DR: The practical challenges and implementation aspects with respect to the topology and control in a single phase boost PFC converter and digital implementations with PI current controller and with predictive current controller are highlighted.
Abstract: The single phase boost PFC converter is used as a front end stage in equipments in order to conform to harmonic standards. Due consideration is to be given for the implementation issues in the boost PFC converter due to the large signal variations in the converter waveforms and its wide operating ranges. This paper highlights the practical challenges and implementation aspects with respect to the topology and control in a single phase boost PFC converter. The causes of input current distortion and conduction mode change are analysed. The effect of voltage loop bandwidth on the converter performance is discussed. Digital implementations with PI current controller and with predictive current controller are discussed. Inferences are presented based on equations and experimental results. The experimental tests are carried out on a 50 Hz universal AC input, 400 V DC output, 300 W single phase boost PFC converter hardware prototype operated at a switching frequency of 100 kHz.
5 citations
Cites background or methods from "Challenges in achieving high perfor..."
...Front end PFC converters are expected to operate in the universal AC input range (85 V - 265 V) [3] and may be subjected to wide variations in load as well....
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...The need for improving the power quality and to conform to harmonic norms such as IEC [1] and IEEE [2] standards has led to the wide use of Power Factor Correction (PFC) stages as a front end in electronic equipments [3]....
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...PI controllers are preferred in most power converters due to their well developed design procedures based on the small signal converter models and simpler implementation [3]....
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...The boost based topologies are popular [3], [5] due to the advantage of continuous input current, hence lower EMI filter/ input filter requirements, apart from the voltage step up capability....
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...The control objectives are met by employing average current mode control [3], [4]....
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References
More filters
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, average current mode control is used to control currents other than inductor current, allowing a much broader range of topological application, including other topological topologies.
Abstract: Current mode control as usually implemented in switching power supplies actually senses and controls peak inductor current. This gives rise to many serious problems, including poor noise immunity, a need for slope compensation, and peak-to-average current errors which the inherently low current loop gain cannot correct. Average current mode control eliminates these problems and may be used effectively to control currents other than inductor current, allowing a much broader range of topological application.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a slidingmode control (SMC) technique based on current-controlled manifold is proposed to ensure tight output voltage regulation and unity PF (UPF) at line side.
Abstract: This paper deals with the switching regulation of boost power factor correction (PFC) converter under large and quick load fluctuation to ensure tight output voltage regulation and unity PF (UPF) at line side. In this sense, the sliding-mode control (SMC) technique based on current-controlled manifold is proposed. Input current distortion is limited even during light loading condition. In addition, the dead-zone issue related to light load near to the crossover of input current is resolved in this paper. To execute the proposed SMC algorithm, equivalent control approach is used for the selection of sliding coefficients, ensuring the system stability. The control operation manipulates both inner SM current controller to frame input current and an outer PI controller to maintain desired regulated output voltage. For experimental validation, a 500-W, 390 V/dc boost PFC prototype, controlled by dSPACE 1104 signal processor is framed. The presented simulation and experimental results infer that the proposed converter controller offers UPF, tight output voltage regulation, and percentage total harmonic distortion standard even under fluctuating load behavior. In this paper, the performance of the proposed control scheme is experimentally verified with different load behaviors and external references, which explains the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed system.
55 citations
"Challenges in achieving high perfor..." refers background in this paper
...Line voltage variation is an unpredictable behaviour that governs system dynamics [8]....
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TL;DR: A predictive control algorithm that includes conduction-mode detection for power factor correction (PFC) converter that can detect the conduction mode without any additional circuitry or mode-detection algorithm using the characteristic of the optimal duty cycle calculated by the predictive control.
Abstract: This paper proposes a predictive control algorithm that includes conduction-mode detection for power factor correction (PFC) converter. In PFC converters, the line current is usually distorted because of the characteristics of the proportional-integral (PI) current controller. To improve the quality of the current, the PI current controller requires additional circuits or algorithms. However, because of the optimal duty cycle determined by estimating the next-state current in both the continuous-conduction mode and the discontinuous-conduction mode, the proposed predictive control method has a fast dynamic response and accuracy compared to the PI current-control method. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can detect the conduction mode without any additional circuitry or mode-detection algorithm using the characteristic of the optimal duty cycle calculated by the predictive control. These advantages of the proposed algorithm improve the quality of the line current for PFC converters. We verify the proposed method by performing experiment using a 1.5-kW PFC converter.
40 citations
"Challenges in achieving high perfor..." refers background in this paper
...Under such cases, a linear controller designed for CCM operation will not help in optimal tracking of reference current [11]....
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01 Jun 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a line interfaced inverter that employs a dc-dc converter to actively shape its ac current waveform is presented, and the duty cycle applied to this converter to control the current is determined in a closed loop fashion.
Abstract: This paper presents a line interfaced inverter that employs a dc-dc converter to actively shape its ac current waveform. The duty cycle applied to this converter to control the current is determined in a closed loop fashion. The incremental dynamic response of the power circuit is found to be highly dependent on the ac voltage and current waveforms and therefore varies on a 60 Hz basis. With fixed feedback gains this variance would give closed loop poles that moved during the cycle. To avoid the problems that a time-varying system response would cause, a novel control scheme is proposed. This scheme uses periodically varying feedback gains to counteract the power circuit's time dependent response in a way that gives closed loop poles that do not move. Results of a Parity Simulation are included to verify the validity of this approach.
33 citations
"Challenges in achieving high perfor..." refers methods in this paper
...In order to use the small signal model, it can assumed that the converter remains in a quasi-steady state [9]....
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