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Journal ArticleDOI

Chamotte clay as potential low cost adsorbent to be used in the palm kernel biodiesel purification

TL;DR: In this article, a face centered composite design was used to analyze the combined effect of chamotte concentration and temperature on glycerol removal, which indicated that the rate-limiting step may be chemisorption.
About: This article is published in Applied Clay Science.The article was published on 2017-12-01. It has received 43 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grog & Palm kernel.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
19 Mar 2020
TL;DR: The type of oleaginous microorganisms and their expertise in the field of biodiesel or omega-3 fatty acids, advances in metabolic engineering tools for enhanced lipid accumulation, upstream and downstream processing of lipids, including purification of biod diesel and concentration of omega- 3 fatty acids are reviewed.
Abstract: Microorganisms are known to be natural oil producers in their cellular compartments. Microorganisms that accumulate more than 20% w/w of lipids on a cell dry weight basis are considered as oleaginous microorganisms. These are capable of synthesizing vast majority of fatty acids from short hydrocarbonated chain (C6) to long hydrocarbonated chain (C36), which may be saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), depending on the presence and number of double bonds in hydrocarbonated chains. Depending on the fatty acid profile, the oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms are utilized as feedstock for either biodiesel production or as nutraceuticals. Mainly microalgae, bacteria, and yeasts are involved in the production of biodiesel, whereas thraustochytrids, fungi, and some of the microalgae are well known to be producers of very long-chain PUFA (omega-3 fatty acids). In this review article, the type of oleaginous microorganisms and their expertise in the field of biodiesel or omega-3 fatty acids, advances in metabolic engineering tools for enhanced lipid accumulation, upstream and downstream processing of lipids, including purification of biodiesel and concentration of omega-3 fatty acids are reviewed.

139 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review aims for the critical presentation on cell disruption, lipid recovery and purification to support extraction from wet cell-biomass for an efficient transesterification.

71 citations


Cites methods from "Chamotte clay as potential low cost..."

  • ...In one of the studies, solid waste from ceramic industry (chamotte clay) was used as glycerol adsorbent for biodiesel purification by dry washing method (Santos et al., 2017)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on the overview on microbial biodiesel technologies, an integrated biodiesel production line incorporating all the critical technical steps is proposed for unified management and continuous optimization for highly efficient biod diesel production.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used simulated fusel oil containing a mixture of ethyl (11.2%), butyl (10.6%), and isoamyl alcohols (78.2%) to obtain lubricant esters from palm kernel oil by enzymatic route using lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized on epoxy matrix silica-hydroxyethyl cellulose as a biocatalyst.
Abstract: Simulated fusel oil containing a mixture of ethyl (11.2%), butyl (10.6%) and isoamyl alcohols (78.2%) was used to obtain lubricant esters from palm kernel oil by enzymatic route using lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized on epoxy matrix silica-hydroxyethyl cellulose as a biocatalyst. Runs were performed under both batch and continuous mode to determine the influence of oil-to alcohol molar ratio on the ester concentrations using as a model isoamyl alcohol as acyl acceptor. The optimum oil to alcohol molar ratio was 1:4 and high isoamyl esters formation (99 wt%) was attained in 48 h (batch runs) and 8 h of space-time (continuous runs). Such conditions were used to perform the transesterification reactions from palm kernel oil with simulated fusel oil rendering similar results. The kinematic viscosities at 40 °C confirmed the high conversion by modifying the initial palm kernel oil viscosity from 30.13 mm2 s−1 to values ranging from 3 to 6 mm2 s−1. The viscosity index was 149.22 ± 2.11 and the oxidative stability was 23.85 ± 1.65 min. Also, the biocatalyst was found to be stable revealing half-life time (t1/2) of about 38 days.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption behavior of Pb2+ ions on Kazakhstani natural zeolite and Ukrainian Chamotte clay has been studied by using SEM, EDAX, and XRD methods.

31 citations

References
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Book
01 May 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present correlation, analysis, and prediction of adsorption equilibria, including correlation, correlation, and analysis of adorption Equilibria.
Abstract: List of Symbols. Microporous Adsorbents. Physical Adsorption and the Characterization of Porous Adsorbents. Thermodynamics of Adsorption. Correlation, Analysis, and Prediction of Adsorption Equilibria. Diffusion in Porous Media. Kinetics of Sorption in Batch Systems. Flow Through Packed Beds. Dynamics of Adsorption Columns: Single--Transition Systems. Dynamics of Adsorption Columns: Multiple Transition Systems. Chromatographic Separation Processes. Adsorption Separation Processes: I. Cyclic Batch Systems. Adsorption Separation Processes: II. Continous Counter Current Systems. Appendixes. Index.

4,577 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Qing-Song Liu1, Tong Zheng1, Peng Wang1, Jiping Jiang1, Nan Li1 
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption isotherms at different temperatures were determined and modeled with Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson equations, and the effects of solution pH on the adorption were also studied.

787 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Instrumental characterizations of the clay were performed by different techniques such as XRF, XRD and FTIR as discussed by the authors, which showed the presence of quartz, alumina, haematite and different mineral matters.
Abstract: Instrumental characterizations of the clay were performed by different techniques such as XRF, XRD and FTIR. XRF shows the chemical compositions of the clay where Al-oxide and silica oxide are present in major quantity whereas XRD confirms the presence of these minerals in clay. FTIR studies show the presence of quartz, alumina, haematite and different mineral matters.

394 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new procedure based on periodate oxidation of glycerol, leading to the preparation of formaldehyde, on reaction with acetylacetone and on spectrophotometric measurement at 410 nm is illustrated.
Abstract: The presence of small amounts of free glycerol in fatty acid methyl esters used as diesel fuel or as heating fuel may represent the reason for some failures in engines and heating systems as well. Several methods are actually available for the determination of free-glycerol traces in biodiesel, and most on them are based on gas-chromatographic techniques. After a review of the existing methods, a new procedure based on periodate oxidation of glycerol, leading to the preparation of formaldehyde, on reaction with acetylacetone and on spectrophotometric measurement at 410 nm is illustrated. This method is simple, quick and economic and seems to be sufficiently reliable. Data related to recovery tests and analyses of real samples are shown, also in correlation with the existing reference method.

254 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2012-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used rice husk ash (RHA) for the purification of biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) using RHA at concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% and compared it with two other different purification methods, the traditional acid solution (1% aqueous H3PO4) and with the commercial adsorbent Magnesol® 1% (w/w).

152 citations