Change by Design
IDEO1
01 May 2011-Journal of Product Innovation Management (Blackwell Publishing Inc)-Vol. 28, Iss: 3, pp 381-383
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that non-designers can benefit from learning how to think like designers and offer some large-scale and more finely grained ideas about how this might happen.
About: This article is published in Journal of Product Innovation Management.The article was published on 2011-05-01. It has received 813 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a critical look at the design thinking discourse, one that has different meanings depending on its context, and find five different discourses of "designerly thinking" or ways to describe what designers do in practice, that have distinctly different epistemological roots.
Abstract: This paper takes a critical look at the design thinking discourse, one that has different meanings depending on its context. Within the managerial realm, design thinking has been described as the best way to be creative and innovate, while within the design realm, design thinking may be partly ignored and taken for granted, despite a long history of academic development and debate. In the design area, we find five different discourses of ‘designerly thinking’, or ways to describe what designers do in practice, that have distinctly different epistemological roots. These different discourses do not stand in competition with each other but could be developed in parallel. We also observe that the management discourse has three distinct origins, but in general has a more superficial and popular character and is less academically anchored than the designerly one. Also, the management design thinking discourse seldom refers to designerly thinking and thereby hinders cumulative knowledge construction. We suggest further research to link the discourses.
768 citations
TL;DR: The authors examine the growing disconnect between the process-oriented conception of entrepreneurship taught in the classroom and theorized about in premier journals and the variance-oriented notion of entrepreneurship that characterizes empirical studies of the phenomenon.
Abstract: We examine the growing disconnect between the process-oriented conception of entrepreneurship taught in the classroom and theorized about in premier journals and the variance-oriented conception of entrepreneurship that characterizes empirical studies of the phenomenon. We propose that a shift in inquiry from entrepreneurship as an act to entrepreneurship as a journey could facilitate process-oriented research by initiating a dialogue about the nature of the entrepreneurial journey, when it has begun and ended, whether it might be productively subdivided into variables or events, and what if anything remains constant throughout the process. Finally, we propose that a clearer understanding of the entrepreneurial journey is necessary to distinguish the field horizontally from research on creativity and strategy, and vertically from research on more practical business functions or more abstract systems-level concepts.
547 citations
TL;DR: There is a fundamental distinction to be made between eco-design and circular product design and a set of new concepts and definitions are developed, starting from a redefinition of product lifetime and introducing new terms such as presource and recovery horizon.
Abstract: Summary
In a circular economy (CE), the economic and environmental value of materials is preserved for as long as possible by keeping them in the economic system, either by lengthening the life of the products formed from them or by looping them back in the system to be reused. The notion of waste no longer exists in a CE, because products and materials are, in principle, reused and cycled indefinitely. Taking this description as a starting point, the article asks which guiding principles, design strategies, and methods are required for circular product design and to what extent these differ from the principles, strategies, and methods of eco-design. The article argues that there is a fundamental distinction to be made between eco-design and circular product design and proceeds to develop, based on an extensive literature review, a set of new concepts and definitions, starting from a redefinition of product lifetime and introducing new terms such as presource and recovery horizon. The article then takes Walter Stahel's Inertia Principle as the guiding principle in circular product design and develops a typology of approaches for Design for Product Integrity, with a focus on tangible durable consumer products. The newly developed typology contributes to a deeper understanding of the CE as a concept and informs the discussion on the role of product design in a CE.
381 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a framework that includes DT both as an idea and as the enactment of the idea, inspired by the works of Latour, and build on an empirical interview study in six large organizations, which led to the development of a framework structure and the identification of five themes characterizing DT: user focus, problem framing, visualization, experimentation and diversity.
Abstract: The concept of design thinking (DT) has emerged in management debates as promising innovation inspired by the way designers work. Despite the growing interest in DT, it is a difficult concept to study due to the lack of coherence between what DT ‘is’ in academic and practical terms. While there are numerous normative and often process-focused depictions of DT, they seem limited in their ability to account for what occurs in practice. Given the discussion of DT as a concept, and emerging discussion of its enactment, a framing is needed that acknowledges both aspects. This paper proposes a framing of DT that makes it researchable in both theory and practice, and discusses commonalities and discrepancies in how the concept is usually portrayed in the literature. The paper builds on an empirical interview study in six large organizations, which led to the development of a framework structure and the identification of five themes characterizing DT: User focus, Problem framing, Visualization, Experimentation and Diversity. Each theme is associated with specific principles/mindsets, practices and techniques. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a framework that includes DT both as an idea and as the enactment of the idea, inspired by the works of Latour.
323 citations
Cites background from "Change by Design"
...…could take inspiration and learn from the way designers think and work, and apply this to their operations; not only their innovation efforts but also their strategy, new product development (NPD) or organizational renewal (Brown, 2009; Holloway, 2009; Brown & Katz, 2011; Frisendal, 2012)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of the design thinking literature enabled them to identify 10 principal attributes and eight tools and methods, and then employed a card sorting exercise with professional designers.
276 citations