Change in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in response to exposure to all-night noise and transient noise.
TL;DR: It is concluded that a silent environment is required to maintain the duration of rapid-eye-movement sleep, even though rapid- Eye-Movement sleep is stable and is not influenced easily by noise.
Abstract: Several experiments conducted by the authors revealed certain characteristic changes in stage rapid-eye-movement sleep in response to noise exposure. Continuous and all-night exposure to noise first decreased the percentage of rapid-eye-movement stage at Leg 45dBA. In contrast, the threshold of shifts from the rapid-eye-movement stage in response to intermittent noise was higher than thresholds noted for slow-wave sleep or stage-2 sleep. We concluded that these results indicated that a silent environment is required to maintain the duration of rapid-eye-movement sleep, even though rapid-eye-movement sleep is stable and is not influenced easily by noise.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that chronic exposure to noise indirectly disturbs LTM possibly through SWS disturbances and a possible role of the stress hormonal axis in these biological effects of noise is suggested.
42 citations
TL;DR: The validity and suitability of a rodent model for studying the effects of noise on sleep and definitively show that sleep is disturbed by EN exposure are demonstrated.
38 citations
TL;DR: Factors modifying the effect of environmental noise on sleep include sex, age, susceptibility, personality and the health status, including past and present history of disease.
Abstract: Factors modifying the effect of environmental noise on sleep include sex, age, susceptibility, personality and the health status, including past and present history of disease. Objective: The effects of noise on sleep and habituation of sleep to noise were summarized. Results and conclusions: 1) The effect of noise on sleep is associated with physical changes, such as changes in heart rate, blood flow volume, breathing and the immune and neurocirculatory systems. During sleep, specific changes in these indicators are noted during different sleep stages. There are individual and sex differences, and it is important to understand the effects of noise on sleep considering several related factors. 2) Habituation to noise is also an important phenomenon that must be addressed while considering the effects of noise on sleep. Habituation is dependent on the type and sound level of the noise. In occupational fields, shift work and job stress should be considered to determine the association between noise and sleep, which is important to retaining a good quality of working life.
37 citations
TL;DR: The results show that a higher intensity of thermal noxious stimulus is required to cause arousal from SWS and REM sleep when compared with stage 2 sleep, which would confirm the suspicion that REM sleep and SWS are relatively, and possibly equally, resistant to disruption by noxious stimuli.
Abstract: Many modalities of both acute and chronic pain have been shown to disrupt sleep. Any differences in the intensity of thermal noxious stimulus required to produce arousal from stage 2, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is unclear. An assessment of reactions of seven male (age 22 +/- 2.9 years) and three female subjects (age 21.0 +/- 1.0 years) to a range of gradually increasing temperatures was used both when awake and asleep. When awake, subjects assigned five different descriptors to the increasing heat stimulus. During the different stages of sleep, temperatures were increased over the same range as when awake until the subjects aroused from sleep. The possible fluctuations in pain perception due to a time-of-night effect were assessed in awake subjects over a 12-h period from 19:00 to 07:00 hours. During sleep, arousals occurred at significantly higher temperatures during SWS (P < 0.01) and REM sleep (P < 0.05) than during stage 2 sleep. The temperatures causing arousals during SWS and REM sleep were not significantly different and were equivalent to temperatures causing pain tolerance when awake. No changes in pain perception due to time of night were observed. The results show that a higher intensity of thermal noxious stimulus is required to cause arousal from SWS and REM sleep when compared with stage 2 sleep. This would confirm the suspicion that REM sleep and SWS are relatively, and possibly equally, resistant to disruption by noxious stimuli.
37 citations
Cites result from "Change in rapid eye movement (REM) ..."
...(Kawada and Suzuki 1999)....
[...]
...…of Drewes et al. (1997) that sleepers in stage 2 are more sensitive to noxious stimuli when compared with SWS. Contrary to the results of Lavigne, but in support of the results of Kawada and Suzuki (1999), we found that REM sleep also had a significantly higher arousal threshold than stage 2 sleep....
[...]
TL;DR: The findings suggest that chronic exposure to noise is a risk factor for blood hypertension in pilots exposed to high noise levels, and that the drop in blood pressure may be a sign of more sensitive effect of noise on blood pressure, according to other studies in literature.
Abstract: The role of occupational exposure to noise as a hypertension risk factor has not been established sufficiently. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether chronic exposure to different levels of noise in two groups of pilots, operating with two types of aircraft, could be a risk for hypertension, what relevance the parameters (intensity, duration and type) of exposure can have and, lastly, whether there are any links between hearing impairment and hypertension. After excluding pilots with confounding factors, a study was made of 77 male pilots of turboprop planes (group A) and 224 male pilots of jet aircraft (group B), matched by age and working life. Blood pressure (supine and standing positions) and heart rate were measured. Electrocardiogram, stress tests on a cycle ergometer, sound-level measurement and audiometric tests were also done. Pilots of group A were exposed to Leq of 93 dBA while pilots of group B were exposed to the Leq of 79 dBA. Significant results in group A compared to group B were found between heart rate, blood pressure, drop in blood pressure, parameters (intensity, duration and type) of exposure to noise and between hearing damage and hypertension. The findings suggest that chronic exposure to noise is a risk factor for blood hypertension in pilots exposed to high noise levels, and that the drop in blood pressure may be a sign of more sensitive effect of noise on blood pressure, according to other studies in literature.
27 citations
Cites background or result from "Change in rapid eye movement (REM) ..."
...It is well known that noise can seriously damage the hearing system but it is only recently that research has been done on its possible contribution to hypertension (Van Kempen et al. 2002) and cardiovascular disease (Tomei et al. 1991; Kawada & Suzuki 1999)....
[...]
...It is well known that noise can seriously damage the hearing system but it is only recently that research has been done on its possible contribution to hypertension (Van Kempen et al. 2002) and cardiovascular disease (Tomei et al. 1991; Kawada & Suzuki 1999 )....
[...]
...Considering that the principal confounding factors were excluded from the study and that pilots investigated were matched by age and working life, the above mentioned results suggest that exposure to noise in pilots, related to intensity and type of exposure may have an influence on BH and on HR ( Kawada & Suzuki 1999; Tomei et al. 1991; Tomei et al. 1992; Byers & Smyth 1997; Talbott et al. 1999; Van Kempen et al. 2002)....
[...]
...…age and working life, the above mentioned results suggest that exposure to noise in pilots, related to intensity and type of exposure may have an influence on BH and on HR (Kawada & Suzuki 1999; Tomei et al. 1991; Tomei et al. 1992; Byers & Smyth 1997; Talbott et al. 1999; Van Kempen et al. 2002)....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: The clinimetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
Abstract: Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score. Clinical and clinimetric properties of the PSQI were assessed over an 18-month period with "good" sleepers (healthy subjects, n = 52) and "poor" sleepers (depressed patients, n = 54; sleep-disorder patients, n = 62). Acceptable measures of internal homogeneity, consistency (test-retest reliability), and validity were obtained. A global PSQI score greater than 5 yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 86.5% (kappa = 0.75, p less than 0.001) in distinguishing good and poor sleepers. The clinimetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
23,155 citations
01 Jan 1968
3,002 citations
01 Jan 1968
2,439 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The concept of auditory retraining as part of the habituation process, and interaction with the prefrontal cortex and limbic system is presented as a central model which emphasizes the importance of the emotional significance and meaning of tinnitus.
Abstract: A model is proposed for tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss involving cochlear pathology. As tinnitus is defined as a cortical perception of sound in the absence of an appropriate external stimulus it must result from a generator in the auditory system which undergoes extensive auditory processing before it is perceived. The concept of spatial nonlinearity in the cochlea is presented as a cause of tinnitus generation controlled by the efferents. Various clinical presentations of tinnitus and the way in which they respond to changes in the environment are discussed with respect to this control mechanism. The concept of auditory retraining as part of the habituation process, and interaction with the prefrontal cortex and limbic system is presented as a central model which emphasizes the importance of the emotional significance and meaning of tinnitus.
140 citations