Change in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in response to exposure to all-night noise and transient noise.
TL;DR: It is concluded that a silent environment is required to maintain the duration of rapid-eye-movement sleep, even though rapid- Eye-Movement sleep is stable and is not influenced easily by noise.
Abstract: Several experiments conducted by the authors revealed certain characteristic changes in stage rapid-eye-movement sleep in response to noise exposure. Continuous and all-night exposure to noise first decreased the percentage of rapid-eye-movement stage at Leg 45dBA. In contrast, the threshold of shifts from the rapid-eye-movement stage in response to intermittent noise was higher than thresholds noted for slow-wave sleep or stage-2 sleep. We concluded that these results indicated that a silent environment is required to maintain the duration of rapid-eye-movement sleep, even though rapid-eye-movement sleep is stable and is not influenced easily by noise.
Citations
More filters
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Some of the basic strain and species differences in hearing are reviewed and how the acoustic environment affects different mammals is outlined.
Abstract: Hearing in laboratory animals is a topic that traditionally has been the domain of the auditory researcher. However, hearing loss and exposure to various environmental sounds can lead to changes in multiple organ systems, making what laboratory animals hear of consequence for researchers beyond those solely interested in hearing. For example, several inbred mouse strains commonly used in biomedical research (e.g., C57BL/6, DBA/2, and BALB/c) experience a genetically determined, progressive hearing loss that can lead to secondary changes in systems ranging from brain neurochemistry to social behavior. Both researchers and laboratory animal facility personnel should be aware of both strain and species differences in hearing in order to minimize potentially confounding variables in their research and to aid in the interpretation of data. Independent of genetic differences, acoustic noise levels in laboratory animal facilities can have considerable effects on the inhabitants. A large body of literature describes the nonauditory impact of noise on the biology and behavior of various strains and species of laboratory animals. The broad systemic effects of noise exposure include changes in endocrine and cardiovascular function, sleep-wake cycle disturbances, seizure susceptibility, and an array of behavioral changes. These changes are determined partly by species and strain; partly by noise intensity level, duration, predictability, and other characteristics of the sound; and partly by animal history and exposure context. This article reviews some of the basic strain and species differences in hearing and outlines how the acoustic environment affects different mammals.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conduct a review of the evidence surrounding the optimal characteristics for the sleep environment in the categories of noise, temperature, lighting, and air quality in order to provide specific recommendations for each of these components.
77 citations
Cites background from "Change in rapid eye movement (REM) ..."
...stages 1 & 2), where louder noises [42,43,69,121] or noises that are in the low frequency range (∼500 Hz [15], are required to cause waking from deeper stages of sleep (i....
[...]
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 716 estudiantes universitarios (584 mujeres and 132 varones) of the University of California, Berkeley was conducted to evaluate the calidad subjetiva del sueno.
Abstract: Los trastornos del sueno constituyen uno de los problemas de salud mas relevantes en las sociedades occidentales. La importancia de una buena calidad de sueno no solamente es fundamental como factor determinante de la salud, sino como elemento propiciador de una buena calidad de vida. La calidad del sueno no se refiere unicamente al hecho de dormir bien durante la noche, sino que tambien incluye un buen funcionamiento diurno (un adecuado nivel de atencion para realizar diferentes tareas). Ello hace que sea fundamental estudiar la incidencia de estos trastornos en distintos tipos de poblaciones, asi como los factores que los determinan. Para alcanzar este objetivo, y ante las dificultades que implica la evaluacion polisomnografica en la deteccion de la calidad de sueno, en la mayoria de los casos se opta por el uso de instrumentos de autoinforme, entre los que destaca el Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg. Desde la evaluacion conductual consideramos que el sueno esta determinado por cuatro diferentes dimensiones: tiempo circadiano, esto es, la hora del dia en que se localiza, factores intrinsecos del organismo (edad, sueno, patrones de sueno), conductas facilitadoras e inhibidoras realizadas por el sujeto y el ambiente en que duerme. La higiene del sueno incide sobre estas dos ultimas dimensiones, y en nuestro estudio nos centraremos en las conductas inhibidoras (consumo de sustancias psicoactivas). En el estudio se analiza la calidad subjetiva del sueno en una muestra de 716 estudiantes universitarios (584 mujeres y 132 varones) por medio del Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg, y se evaluan los efectos del consumo de alcohol, cafeina y tabaco sobre la calidad del sueno. El Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg proporciona una puntuacion global de la calidad del sueno y puntuaciones parciales en siete componentes distintos: calidad subjetiva del sueno, latencia del sueno, duracion del sueno, eficiencia habitual del sueno, alteraciones del sueno, uso de medicacion hipnotica y disfuncion diurna. Los resultados encontrados muestran que aproximadamente 30% de la muestra presenta una mala calidad del sueno, una excesiva latencia y una pobre eficiencia del sueno; no se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en ningun componente, a excepcion del consumo de hipnoticos, donde las mujeres presentan una mayor puntuacion. Ello parece indicar que las dificultades para iniciar el sueno constituyen una caracteristica de la mala calidad del sueno en los sujetos mas jovenes, mientras que en las personas mayores lo caracteristico son los despertares nocturnos y el despertar precoz. La falta de diferencias en la calidad del sueno entre hombres y mujeres se puede deber a la edad de la muestra (20.92 anos), pues en las mujeres la menor calidad del sueno se hace mas evidente a medida que avanza la edad. Si tenemos en cuenta la puntuacion total del Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg, encontramos que 60.33% de la muestra supera la puntuacion de cinco, por lo que estos sujetos pueden ser definidos como malos dormidores. Por otro lado, esta claramente demostrado que el uso excesivo de alcohol, cafeina y nicotina provoca alteraciones del sueno: aumento de la latencia, despertares nocturnos, reduccion del sueno de ondas lentas, reduccion del tiempo total de sueno y pobre calidad autoinformada del sueno. Sin embargo, el efecto que tiene el consumo social (consumo no excesivo) de estas sustancias sobre el sueno es menos conocido. En este estudio hemos definido como consumidores sociales a los sujetos que ingieren entre dos y cuatro copas de alcohol, dos y cuatro tazas de cafe y fuman entre 20 y 30 cigarrillos diariamente. Encontramos que el consumo diario habitual no excesivo de alcohol, cafeina y tabaco, provoca una mala calidad del sueno, una mayor latencia , un mayor numero de perturbaciones y una mayor disfuncion diurna. Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de controlar el consumo de estas sustancias para mantener una correcta calidad del sueno.
72 citations
Cites background from "Change in rapid eye movement (REM) ..."
...Se sabe, por ejemplo, que la exposición al ruido (18, 19, 26) o las temperaturas extremas (12) provocan efectos negativos sobre la arquitectura del sueño....
[...]
TL;DR: It is proposed that increased sound absorption, i.e. reduced reverberation time, by contributing to a better acoustic environment may reduce sound-induced sleep fragmentation.
Abstract: The effect of reducing reverberation time was studied in 12 subjects during sleep EEG-arousals following specific sound stimuli were significantly reduced (p<0007) when reverberation time was reduced with sound-absorbing ceiling-tiles On average reverberation was reduced 0124 seconds at similar sound levels It is proposed that increased sound absorption, ie reduced reverberation time, by contributing to a better acoustic environment may reduce sound-induced sleep fragmentation
53 citations
TL;DR: Findings that railway noise has a stronger impact than road traffic noise on physiological parameters during sleep, and that the maximum noise level is an important predictor of noise effects on sleep assessed by PSG are supported, at least for railway noise.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore and compare the effect of noise from railway and road traffic on sleep in subjects habitually exposed to nocturnal noise. Forty young and middle aged healthy subjects were studied with polysomnography (PSG) during two consecutive nights in their own bedroom. Noise measurements and recordings were conducted concurrently outside of the bedroom facade as well as inside the bedroom of each participant. Different noise exposure parameters were calculated (L(p,A,eq,night), L(p,A,Fmax,night), and L(AF5,night)) and analyzed in relation to whole-night sleep parameters. The group exposed to railway noise had significantly less Rapid eye movement, (REM) sleep than the group exposed to road traffic noise. A significant association was found between the maximum level (L(p,A,Fmax,night)) of railway noise and time spent in REM sleep. REM sleep was significantly shorter in the group exposed to at least a single railway noise event above 50 dB inside the bedroom. These results, obtained in an ecological valid setting, support previous laboratory findings that railway noise has a stronger impact than road traffic noise on physiological parameters during sleep, and that the maximum noise level is an important predictor of noise effects on sleep assessed by PSG, at least for railway noise.
49 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: The present investigation shows that the subjects had not become completely habituated to the noise, although they had lived at least a year at their residences, and the noise reduction caused an earlier onset and a prolonged duration of slow was sleep.
60 citations
TL;DR: The equivalent sound pressure level measured for high-density road traffic seems to be a valuable predictor for subjective sleep disturbances as long as the maximum levels do not exceed it by more than 8-10 dBA.
Abstract: Eighteen female and 18 male students (21-30 years) slept in the lab during 12 consecutive nights each, where a high-density road traffic noise was played back with four intensities. EEG and EOG were recorded continuously throughout the nights. In the morning the subjects assessed their sleep and completed a reaction time test. The following conclusions were made: Performance was not affected by noise. REM sleep decreased abruptly as soon as the sound pressure level exceeded 44 dBA. With increasing noise, sleep was assessed as increasingly worse. Noise-induced sleep disturbances were not related to sex. The equivalent sound pressure level measured for high-density road traffic seems to be a valuable predictor for subjective sleep disturbances as long as the maximum levels do not exceed it by more than 8-10 dBA. On the basis of the assessment of sleep and supported by the abrupt decrease of REM sleep, an equivalent noise level of 40 dBA indoors was defined as a critical load, above which nocturnal noise cannot be tolerated any longer. Language: en
43 citations
TL;DR: The sleep of 20 healthy subjects (10 male, 10 female, 25-63 years) who lived more than one year in streets with high traffic load were recorded during 12 consecutive nights each as mentioned in this paper.
43 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results show that high levels of noise are particularly disruptive for dual-task paradigms, requiring attention sharing, and sequential responding, involving speed and accuracy, and both the level and the type of noise background affect memory.
Abstract: This paper is an overview of research on the extra-auditory effects of exposure to noise. The aim is to demonstrate the pervasiveness of the effects in support of noise reduction at the source for reasons that go well beyond hearing conservation. The areas discussed are performance effects, including vigilance, selective attention, sensory-motor behavior and memory; physical effects, including cardiovascular disease and sleep-related disorders, and annoyance, with special reference to psychological outcomes. The results show that high levels of noise are particularly disruptive for dual-task paradigms, requiring attention sharing, and sequential responding, involving speed and accuracy. Both the level and the type of noise background affect memory, severely limiting the number of stimulus dimensions that may be simultaneously encoded and retained. Community noise with a preponderance of heavy traffic and aircraft flyovers affects sleep, resulting in changes in the normal pattern of EEG fluctuations, and increases in movement and heart rate. Lastly, noise causes annoyance, with its own set of by-products: job dissatisfaction, irritability and anxiety over potential risk.
38 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the deleterious effect of noise on sleep depended on the type of noise (getting-up time and spectral composition) and that SWS was the least disturbed sleep stage when compared with stage 2 and REM sleep.
Abstract: During sleep, in thermoneutral conditions, the noise of a passing vehicle induces a biphasic cardiac response, a transient peripheral vasoconstriction and sleep disturbances. The present study was performed to determine whether or not the physiological responses were modified in a hot environment or after daytime exposure to both heat and noise. Eight young men were exposed to a nocturnal thermoneutral (20 degrees C) or hot (35 degrees C) environment disturbed by traffic noise. During the night, the peak intensities were of 71 dB(A) for trucks, 67 dB(A) for motorbikes and 64 dB(A) for cars. The background noise level (pink noise) was set at 30 dB(A). The noises were randomly distributed at a rate of 9.h-1. Nights were equally preceded by daytime exposure to combined heat and noise or to no disturbance. During the day, the noises as well as the background noise levels were increased by 15 dB(A) and the rate was 48.h-1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures of sleep, electrocardiograms and finger pulse amplitudes were continuously recorded. Regardless of the day condition, when compared with undisturbed nights, the nocturnal increase in the level of heart rate induced by heat exposure disappeared when noise was added. Percentages, delays, magnitudes and costs of cardiac and vascular responses as well as EEG events such as transient activation phases (TAP) due to noise were not affected by nocturnal thermal load or by the preceding daytime exposure to disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
25 citations