Change in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in response to exposure to all-night noise and transient noise.
TL;DR: It is concluded that a silent environment is required to maintain the duration of rapid-eye-movement sleep, even though rapid- Eye-Movement sleep is stable and is not influenced easily by noise.
Abstract: Several experiments conducted by the authors revealed certain characteristic changes in stage rapid-eye-movement sleep in response to noise exposure. Continuous and all-night exposure to noise first decreased the percentage of rapid-eye-movement stage at Leg 45dBA. In contrast, the threshold of shifts from the rapid-eye-movement stage in response to intermittent noise was higher than thresholds noted for slow-wave sleep or stage-2 sleep. We concluded that these results indicated that a silent environment is required to maintain the duration of rapid-eye-movement sleep, even though rapid-eye-movement sleep is stable and is not influenced easily by noise.
Citations
More filters
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Some of the basic strain and species differences in hearing are reviewed and how the acoustic environment affects different mammals is outlined.
Abstract: Hearing in laboratory animals is a topic that traditionally has been the domain of the auditory researcher. However, hearing loss and exposure to various environmental sounds can lead to changes in multiple organ systems, making what laboratory animals hear of consequence for researchers beyond those solely interested in hearing. For example, several inbred mouse strains commonly used in biomedical research (e.g., C57BL/6, DBA/2, and BALB/c) experience a genetically determined, progressive hearing loss that can lead to secondary changes in systems ranging from brain neurochemistry to social behavior. Both researchers and laboratory animal facility personnel should be aware of both strain and species differences in hearing in order to minimize potentially confounding variables in their research and to aid in the interpretation of data. Independent of genetic differences, acoustic noise levels in laboratory animal facilities can have considerable effects on the inhabitants. A large body of literature describes the nonauditory impact of noise on the biology and behavior of various strains and species of laboratory animals. The broad systemic effects of noise exposure include changes in endocrine and cardiovascular function, sleep-wake cycle disturbances, seizure susceptibility, and an array of behavioral changes. These changes are determined partly by species and strain; partly by noise intensity level, duration, predictability, and other characteristics of the sound; and partly by animal history and exposure context. This article reviews some of the basic strain and species differences in hearing and outlines how the acoustic environment affects different mammals.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conduct a review of the evidence surrounding the optimal characteristics for the sleep environment in the categories of noise, temperature, lighting, and air quality in order to provide specific recommendations for each of these components.
77 citations
Cites background from "Change in rapid eye movement (REM) ..."
...stages 1 & 2), where louder noises [42,43,69,121] or noises that are in the low frequency range (∼500 Hz [15], are required to cause waking from deeper stages of sleep (i....
[...]
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 716 estudiantes universitarios (584 mujeres and 132 varones) of the University of California, Berkeley was conducted to evaluate the calidad subjetiva del sueno.
Abstract: Los trastornos del sueno constituyen uno de los problemas de salud mas relevantes en las sociedades occidentales. La importancia de una buena calidad de sueno no solamente es fundamental como factor determinante de la salud, sino como elemento propiciador de una buena calidad de vida. La calidad del sueno no se refiere unicamente al hecho de dormir bien durante la noche, sino que tambien incluye un buen funcionamiento diurno (un adecuado nivel de atencion para realizar diferentes tareas). Ello hace que sea fundamental estudiar la incidencia de estos trastornos en distintos tipos de poblaciones, asi como los factores que los determinan. Para alcanzar este objetivo, y ante las dificultades que implica la evaluacion polisomnografica en la deteccion de la calidad de sueno, en la mayoria de los casos se opta por el uso de instrumentos de autoinforme, entre los que destaca el Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg. Desde la evaluacion conductual consideramos que el sueno esta determinado por cuatro diferentes dimensiones: tiempo circadiano, esto es, la hora del dia en que se localiza, factores intrinsecos del organismo (edad, sueno, patrones de sueno), conductas facilitadoras e inhibidoras realizadas por el sujeto y el ambiente en que duerme. La higiene del sueno incide sobre estas dos ultimas dimensiones, y en nuestro estudio nos centraremos en las conductas inhibidoras (consumo de sustancias psicoactivas). En el estudio se analiza la calidad subjetiva del sueno en una muestra de 716 estudiantes universitarios (584 mujeres y 132 varones) por medio del Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg, y se evaluan los efectos del consumo de alcohol, cafeina y tabaco sobre la calidad del sueno. El Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg proporciona una puntuacion global de la calidad del sueno y puntuaciones parciales en siete componentes distintos: calidad subjetiva del sueno, latencia del sueno, duracion del sueno, eficiencia habitual del sueno, alteraciones del sueno, uso de medicacion hipnotica y disfuncion diurna. Los resultados encontrados muestran que aproximadamente 30% de la muestra presenta una mala calidad del sueno, una excesiva latencia y una pobre eficiencia del sueno; no se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en ningun componente, a excepcion del consumo de hipnoticos, donde las mujeres presentan una mayor puntuacion. Ello parece indicar que las dificultades para iniciar el sueno constituyen una caracteristica de la mala calidad del sueno en los sujetos mas jovenes, mientras que en las personas mayores lo caracteristico son los despertares nocturnos y el despertar precoz. La falta de diferencias en la calidad del sueno entre hombres y mujeres se puede deber a la edad de la muestra (20.92 anos), pues en las mujeres la menor calidad del sueno se hace mas evidente a medida que avanza la edad. Si tenemos en cuenta la puntuacion total del Indice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburg, encontramos que 60.33% de la muestra supera la puntuacion de cinco, por lo que estos sujetos pueden ser definidos como malos dormidores. Por otro lado, esta claramente demostrado que el uso excesivo de alcohol, cafeina y nicotina provoca alteraciones del sueno: aumento de la latencia, despertares nocturnos, reduccion del sueno de ondas lentas, reduccion del tiempo total de sueno y pobre calidad autoinformada del sueno. Sin embargo, el efecto que tiene el consumo social (consumo no excesivo) de estas sustancias sobre el sueno es menos conocido. En este estudio hemos definido como consumidores sociales a los sujetos que ingieren entre dos y cuatro copas de alcohol, dos y cuatro tazas de cafe y fuman entre 20 y 30 cigarrillos diariamente. Encontramos que el consumo diario habitual no excesivo de alcohol, cafeina y tabaco, provoca una mala calidad del sueno, una mayor latencia , un mayor numero de perturbaciones y una mayor disfuncion diurna. Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de controlar el consumo de estas sustancias para mantener una correcta calidad del sueno.
72 citations
Cites background from "Change in rapid eye movement (REM) ..."
...Se sabe, por ejemplo, que la exposición al ruido (18, 19, 26) o las temperaturas extremas (12) provocan efectos negativos sobre la arquitectura del sueño....
[...]
TL;DR: It is proposed that increased sound absorption, i.e. reduced reverberation time, by contributing to a better acoustic environment may reduce sound-induced sleep fragmentation.
Abstract: The effect of reducing reverberation time was studied in 12 subjects during sleep EEG-arousals following specific sound stimuli were significantly reduced (p<0007) when reverberation time was reduced with sound-absorbing ceiling-tiles On average reverberation was reduced 0124 seconds at similar sound levels It is proposed that increased sound absorption, ie reduced reverberation time, by contributing to a better acoustic environment may reduce sound-induced sleep fragmentation
53 citations
TL;DR: Findings that railway noise has a stronger impact than road traffic noise on physiological parameters during sleep, and that the maximum noise level is an important predictor of noise effects on sleep assessed by PSG are supported, at least for railway noise.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore and compare the effect of noise from railway and road traffic on sleep in subjects habitually exposed to nocturnal noise. Forty young and middle aged healthy subjects were studied with polysomnography (PSG) during two consecutive nights in their own bedroom. Noise measurements and recordings were conducted concurrently outside of the bedroom facade as well as inside the bedroom of each participant. Different noise exposure parameters were calculated (L(p,A,eq,night), L(p,A,Fmax,night), and L(AF5,night)) and analyzed in relation to whole-night sleep parameters. The group exposed to railway noise had significantly less Rapid eye movement, (REM) sleep than the group exposed to road traffic noise. A significant association was found between the maximum level (L(p,A,Fmax,night)) of railway noise and time spent in REM sleep. REM sleep was significantly shorter in the group exposed to at least a single railway noise event above 50 dB inside the bedroom. These results, obtained in an ecological valid setting, support previous laboratory findings that railway noise has a stronger impact than road traffic noise on physiological parameters during sleep, and that the maximum noise level is an important predictor of noise effects on sleep assessed by PSG, at least for railway noise.
49 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: These experiments clearly demonstrate that repeated auditory stimulation does not cause habituation, and there are no evident side effects on the sleep-wake cycle, and the mechanisms involved in REM generation and maintenance can be modulated by sensory modalities.
Abstract: Previous experiments have demonstrated that auditory (AS) and/or somatosensory (SS) stimulation can increase the duration of REM sleep periods in rats, cats and humans. The objectives of this study were to determine whether repeated AS stimulation causes habituation to the stimulus and whether any additive effects could be obtained with the simultaneous application of AS and SS. Three experimental procedures were used in this study. In experiment 1, animals were recorded for 4 consecutive days with AS, followed by a post-stimulus session. In experiment 2, they were recorded for 24 hours with AS applied at each REM period, followed by a subsequent 24-hours-post-stimulus recording. In experiment 3, animals underwent AS, SS stimulation, or simultaneous application of both in a random fashion at each REM period. The results of all experiments confirm previous findings showing that auditory or somatosensory stimuli significantly increase REM sleep period duration. In addition, AS--applied with different presentations during REM and throughout the sleep-wake cycle--are capable of increasing REM duration regardless of the manner in which they were presented. However, the effects of the stimuli were not additive. It is worth noting that although REM duration increased, REM period frequency decreased, resulting in no net change of total REM sleep through time. Furthermore, no changes were observed in other sleep-wake variables. These experiments clearly demonstrate that repeated auditory stimulation does not cause habituation, and there are no evident side effects on the sleep-wake cycle. These results confirm that the mechanisms involved in REM generation and maintenance can be modulated by sensory modalities.
22 citations
TL;DR: An inhibition pulse from the cortex may suppress the activation of reticular formation, which could make sleep under a steady noise deeper, and the meaning of a depressed proportion of REM under steady pink noise is not clear.
19 citations
TL;DR: From the above two sets of analyses, sleep latency was the most useful parameter for predicting subjective sleep.
19 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In 3 sleep-laboratory studies the effects of nocturnal traffic noise on the sleep of young and elderly healthy subjects as well as adaptation phenomena were investigated, revealing a significant improvement in subjective sleep quality and suggesting adaptive phenomena.
Abstract: In 3 sleep-laboratory studies the effects of nocturnal traffic noise on the sleep of young (1st study: mean age 25 years, n = 10) and elderly (2nd study: mean age 62 years, n = 10) healthy subjects as well as adaptation phenomena (3rd study: one week in young volunteers, n = 10) were investigated. Objective sleep quality was evaluated for baseline- and traffic noise-conditions by means of somnopolygraphic all-night recordings between 22:30 ("lights out") and 6:00 ("buzzer") in the sleep-laboratory. In the morning sleep- and awakening quality were measured by a self-rating scale and psychometric and psychophysiological tests. Traffic noise, presented by a loudspeaker throughout the night with an intensity of 68 to 83 dB (A) (L eq = 75.6 dB [A]), caused a lengthening of sleep latency and intermittent wakefulness as well as a reduction of total sleep time and sleep efficiency as compared to baseline. Concerning sleep architecture, traffic noise led to an increase of light sleep, while deep sleep and, more pronounced, REM sleep were shortened. Although we found these changes in both generations, they reached the level of significance in young subjects only. The objective results were reflected in a significant deterioration of subjective sleep- and awakening quality after traffic noise. Objective awakening quality was unaffected . In the course of a one-week nocturnal traffic noise, we observed an increase of S 4 and a decrease of S 3. The last 3 nights revealed a significant improvement in subjective sleep quality, suggesting adaptive phenomena.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
17 citations
TL;DR: A microcomputer system which determines the sleep stage based on an all-night EEG (electroencephalogram), rapid eye movement and an EMG (electromyogram) using Fujimori's method with some modifications is developed.
Abstract: In order to assess the effects of noise on sleep, the authors have developed a microcomputer system which determines the sleep stage based on an all-night EEG (electroencephalogram), rapid eye movement and an EMG (electromyogram). All the polygraphic parameters for each epoch (including spindle, rapid eye movement, alpha and delta waves, and amount of muscle tension), which are necessary to determine the sleep stage, were determined by a microcomputer using a digital data processing program. Recognition of EEG waves is based on Fujimori's method with some modifications. The rules of Rechtschaffen et al. were adopted for judging sleep stage with a slight modification. Data were obtained from six healthy students of a university. Each student was polygraphed for five to six nights under various conditions of noise exposure. Judgements of the sleep stage were made by two medical doctors. Using randomly selected 10 nights' data, the agreement between judgements by the microcomputer system and by the doctor was 77%. The percentage of agreement increased to 84% for the epochs in which the two doctors agreed. It takes about one hour to determine all-night sleep stages by this system.
15 citations