Changes in activity of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and in polyamine contents in developing fruit tissues of ‘Murcott’ mandarin
TL;DR: Enzymes of polyamine synthesis and, to a lesser extent, polyamine contents roughly followed patterns of growth activity in fruit tissues, with a maximum at the early stages, a minimum at mid-summer and intermediate values at full fruit development.
About: This article is published in Scientia Horticulturae.The article was published on 1984-03-01. It has received 43 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polyamine & Spermidine.
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TL;DR: The metabolic pathways involved in polyamine biosynthesis and degradation are explained, along with the transport and conjugation of these compounds.
Abstract: Recent developments in the metabolism and function of polyamines in plants is presented Polyamines appear to be involved in a wide range of plant processes, however their exact role is not completely understood In this review, the metabolic pathways involved in polyamine biosynthesis and degradation are explained, along with the transport and conjugation of these compounds The studies involved in the understanding of function(s) of polyamines using metabolic inhibitors, as well as genetic and molecular approaches are described Polyamine metabolism and profound changes in polyamine titres in response to infection by pathogens has been presented Its role in adaptation of plants to stress is also presented Molecular understanding of polyamines and their modulation in transgenics is also discussed Further line of work in the understanding of the role of polyamines has also been focussed
281 citations
Cites background from "Changes in activity of polyamine bi..."
...In developing ‘Murcott’ manderin fruit, correlations were found between growth rate and levels of ADC, ODC, Put and Spd (Nathan et al., 1984)....
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..., 1985), Phaseolus vulgaris (Palavan and Galston, 1982), mandarin Citrus reticulata (Nathan et al., 1984), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (Slocum and Galston, 1985a), avocado (Persea americana) (Apelbaum, 1986; Kushad et al....
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...In developing ‘Murcott’ manderin fruit, correlations were found between growth rate and levels of ADC, ODC, Put and Spd (Nathan et al., 1984)....
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...…(Heimer et al., 1979; Cohen et al., 1982; Teitel et al., 1985), Phaseolus vulgaris (Palavan and Galston, 1982), mandarin Citrus reticulata (Nathan et al., 1984), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (Slocum and Galston, 1985a), avocado (Persea americana) (Apelbaum, 1986; Kushad et al., 1988) and…...
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TL;DR: A relationship between polyamines and shelf-life of fruits has also been reported as mentioned in this paper, and polyamine levels seem to be involved in fruit development, although it is difficult to relate any specific polyamine or hydroxycinnamic acid conjugate with the flowering process.
129 citations
TL;DR: Ripe pericarp of Liberty contained about three and six times more free polyamines than Pik Red and Rutgers, respectively, which may account for the reduction of climacteric ethylene production, and prolonged storage life.
Abstract: Fruits of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Liberty, ripen slowly and have a prolonged keeping quality. Ethylene production and the levels of polyamines in pericarp of cv Liberty, Pik Red, and Rutgers were measured in relation to fruit development. Depending on the stage of fruit development, Liberty produced between 16 and 38% of the ethylene produced by Pik Red and Rutgers. The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were present in all cultivars. Cadaverine was detected only in Rutgers. Levels of putrescine and spermidine declined between the immature and mature green stages of development and prior to the onset of climacteric ethylene production. In Pik Red and Rutgers, the decline persisted, whereas in Liberty, the putrescine level increased during ripening. Ripe pericarp of Liberty contained about three and six times more free (unconjugated) polyamines than Pik Red and Rutgers, respectively. No pronounced changes in spermidine or cadaverine occurred during ripening. The increase in the free polyamine level in ripe pericarp of Liberty may account for the reduction of climacteric ethylene production, and prolonged storage life.
112 citations
Cites background from "Changes in activity of polyamine bi..."
...An increase is observed in the fruits of mandarin (16), Shamouti orange (11), and tomato landrace Alcobaca containing the recessive allele alc (7) during fruit maturation and ripening....
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01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The diamine putrescine and the polyamines spermidine and spermine are amino acid-derived, aliphatic nitrogenous compounds of wide distribution among plant cells as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The diamine putrescine and the polyamines spermidine and spermine are amino acid-derived, aliphatic nitrogenous compounds of wide distribution among plant cells (Fig1) The earliest reference to polyamines in the scientific literature is van Leeuwenhoek’s classic letter to the Royal Society of London in 1678 During his studies describing spermatozoa, he observed the gradual formation of colorless crystals upon drying the samples The correct structure of these crystals, which corresponded to spermine, was not determined until over 250 years later1 Spermidine was later found in mammalian tissues The related diamines putrescine and cadaverine were found in decomposing animal and vegetable matter as a result of microbial activity Within this historical frame, it is not surprising that earlier studies on these compounds were done mostly on non-plant systems Recent interest in the function of polyamines in higher plants is in good part derived from discoveries in microbial and animal cells
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, fruit firmness, free polyamine levels (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), abscisic acid (ABA), and color index were determined in lemon fruit at two ripening stages (at color break and fully yellow) after vacuum infiltration with 1mM putrescINE and 1 mM calcium chloride.
Abstract: Fruit firmness, free polyamine levels (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), abscisic acid (ABA), and color index were determined in lemon fruit at two ripening stages (at color break and fully yellow) after vacuum infiltration with 1mM putrescine and 1 mM calcium chloride. Both treatments significantly increased fruit firmness as compared with control fruit in stage 1 lemons. Putrescine-treated fruits showed higher levels of firmness and lower weight loss than calcium-treated or nontreated fruits during storage. The concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were higher in stage 1 than in stage 2 lemons, whereas the opposite was found for ABA. The treatment with putrescine was the most effective to maintain higher levels of endogenous putrescine and spermidine, but only for stage 2 fruit. Both putrescine and calcium treatments delayed the color change, which was related to the lowest levels of ABA found. Keywords: Lemon; Citrus lemon; polyamines; abscisic acid; postharvest; firmness; color
101 citations
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TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
289,852 citations
269 citations
TL;DR: The activity of ODC in plants is usually found to be much lower than that of ADC [4-71, and ODC has therefore been claimed to be of little significance in the formation of putrescine in plants.
105 citations
TL;DR: Indole-butyric acid-induced root formation was accompanied by a considerable increase in polyamines levels, more than 2-fold of the control, and senescing (unrooted) cuttings evinced a rapid decline in polyamine content during 48 hours, indolescine and increased putrescine to spermidine ratio.
Abstract: The effect of several polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), their precursors (l-arginine and l-ornithine), and some analogs and metabolic inhibitors (l-canavanine, l-canaline, and methylglyoxal-bis [guanylhydrazone]) on root formation have been studied in mung bean ( Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) hypocotyl cuttings. Exogenously applied polyamines did not promote adventitious root formation. Rooting was inhibited by l-canavanine and l-canaline, and this inhibition was reversed by the corresponding amino acids l-arginine and l-ornithine. Methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and polyamine biosynthesis, was also found to inhibit root formation. All compounds at concentrations of >10 −4 molarity completely inhibited natural root formation, whereas at −5 molarity only the indole-butyric acid-induced root formation was inhibited. Indole-butyric acid-induced root formation was accompanied by a considerable increase in polyamine levels, more than 2-fold of the control. Whereas senescing (unrooted) cuttings evinced a rapid decline in polyamine content during 48 hours, indole-butyric acid treatment resulted in elevated levels of putrescine and increased putrescine to spermidine ratio. The changes in polyamines were dependent on indole-butyric acid concentration and were organ specific.
92 citations