Changing environmentally harmful behaviors: A stage model of self-regulated behavioral change

doi:10.1016/J.JENVP.2013.01.002

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Changing environmentally harmful behaviors: A stage model of self-regulated behavioral change

Journal Article•DOI•

Changing environmentally harmful behaviors: A stage model of self-regulated behavioral change

01 Jun 2013-Journal of Environmental Psychology (Academic Press)-Vol. 34, pp 151-159

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take the model of action phases (MAP, Heckhausen & Gollwitzer, 1987 ) as a theoretical basis for conceptualizing behavioral change as a transition through a time-ordered sequence of four qualitatively different stages: predecisional, preactional, actional and postactional.

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About: This article is published in Journal of Environmental Psychology.The article was published on 2013-06-01. It has received 264 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Implementation intention & Theory of planned behavior.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A social identity model of pro-environmental action (SIMPEA).

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Immo Fritsche¹, Markus Barth¹, Philipp Jugert¹, Torsten Masson¹, Gerhard Reese² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Leipzig University¹, University of Koblenz and Landau²

21 Dec 2017-Psychological Review

TL;DR: It is proposed that ingroup identification, ingroup norms and goals, and collective efficacy determine environmental appraisals as well as both private and public sphere environmental action.

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Abstract: Large-scale environmental crises are genuinely collective phenomena: they usually result from collective, rather than personal, behavior and how they are cognitively represented and appraised is determined by collectively shared interpretations (e.g., differing across ideological groups) and based on concern for collectives (e.g., humankind, future generations) rather than for individuals. Nevertheless, pro-environmental action has been primarily investigated as a personal decision-making process. We complement this research with a social identity perspective on pro-environmental action. Social identity is the human capacity to define the self in terms of "We" instead of "I," enabling people to think and act as collectives, which should be crucial given personal insufficiency to appraise and effectively respond to environmental crises. We propose a Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (SIMPEA) of how social identity processes affect both appraisal of and behavioral responses to large-scale environmental crises. We review related and pertinent research providing initial evidence for the role of 4 social identity processes hypothesized in SIMPEA. Specifically, we propose that ingroup identification, ingroup norms and goals, and collective efficacy determine environmental appraisals as well as both private and public sphere environmental action. These processes are driven by personal and collective emotions and motivations that arise from environmental appraisal and operate on both a deliberate and automatic processing level. Finally, we discuss SIMPEA's implications for the research agenda in environmental and social psychology and for interventions fostering pro-environmental action. (PsycINFO Database Record

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247 citations

Cites background from "Changing environmentally harmful be..."

...These factors were included in a number of integrated models (Bamberg, 1996, 2013; Bamberg & Möser, 2007; Bamberg & Schmidt, 2001; Klöckner, 2013; Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010; Lindenberg & Steg, 2007; Nordlund & Garvill, 2002; Steg & de Groot, 2010; Stern, 2000) that describe environmentally…...
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...Accordingly, psychological research has targeted the determinants of pro-environmental action, which most previous authors conceived of in terms of the personal decision- making processes of individual actors (e.g., Bamberg, 2013; Bamberg & Möser, 2007; Hines, Hungerford, & Tomera, 1986/87)....
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...The model does not include possible person-level psychological variables resulting from environmental appraisal that may in parallel drive environmental behavior, and that have been described in other models of pro-environmental behavior (e.g., Bamberg, 2013; Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010)....
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...Action models differentiate between appraisals of and responses to environmental crises (Bamberg, 2013; Bamberg, Hunecke, & Blöbaum, 2007; Han, 2014; Homburg & Stolberg, 2006; Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010; Stern, 2000)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Can Protection Motivation Theory predict pro-environmental behavior? Explaining the adoption of electric vehicles in the Netherlands

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M. Bockarjova¹, Linda Steg•Institutions (1)

VU University Amsterdam¹

01 Sep 2014-Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results of a questionnaire study among a large representative sample of Dutch drivers that showed that the Protection Motivation Theory is a relevant theory for modeling different indicators of full electric vehicle adoption.

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Abstract: Scholars have proposed that the Protection Motivation Theory provides a valuable framework to explain pro-environmental choices, by employing a wide set of predictors, such as the costs and benefits of current (maladaptive) behavior as well as prospective adaptive behavior. However, no comprehensive empirical tests of the Protection Motivation Theory in the slow onset environmental risk domain have been published yet to our knowledge. This paper aims at closing this gap. We first conceptualized the Protection Motivation Theory for the use in this environmental domain. Next, we present results of a questionnaire study among a large representative sample of Dutch drivers that showed that the Protection Motivation Theory is a relevant theory for modeling different indicators of full electric vehicle adoption. Notably, all theoretical antecedents proved to be significant predictors of different adoption indicators. Respondents were particularly more likely to adopt an electric vehicle when they perceived the negative consequences caused by conventional vehicles as more severe, and when they expected electric vehicles to decrease these consequences. The most important barriers for electric vehicle adoption were perceived high monetary and non-monetary costs of electric vehicles, and benefits associated with the use of a conventional vehicle. Interestingly, we found that environmental risks are more prominent in predicting close adoption indicators; while energy security risks are more prominent in predicting distant adoption indicators. As expected, our findings suggest that both collective concerns and individual concerns predict different indicators of adoption. Individual concerns (in particular perceived costs of driving an electric vehicle) played a more prominent role when predicting close measures of adoption, while collective concerns (e.g., perceived severity of environmental and energy security risks) played a somewhat more prominent role when predicting distant measures of adoption. Implications for research and practice are provided.

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219 citations

Cites background from "Changing environmentally harmful be..."

...Indeed, adoption of a new product or a new practice is a process that essentially involves a number of stages or dimensions (e.g., Prochaska and DiClemente, 1984; Rogers, 2000; Dijkstra et al., 2006; Bamberg, 2013)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Still underdetected - social norms and collective efficacy predict the acceptance of electric vehicles in germany

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Markus Barth¹, Philipp Jugert¹, Immo Fritsche¹•Institutions (1)

Leipzig University¹

01 Feb 2016-Transportation Research Part F-traffic Psychology and Behaviour

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether social norms and collective efficacy predict EV acceptance and what psychological laypersons who are either EV experts or EV non-experts think predicts EV acceptance.

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Abstract: The role of social identity variables for predicting environmental decisions may often be underdetected by psychological lay people. Applying this to the acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs) in Germany we investigated whether social norms and collective efficacy predict EV acceptance and what psychological laypersons who are either EV experts or EV non-experts think predicts EV acceptance. In preliminary interview studies we explored the beliefs of EV experts and EV non-experts. In a survey study, we then tested whether cost-related advantages and disadvantages were predictive of EV acceptance and whether norms and collective efficacy have independent effects even when controlling for cost-related factors and demographic variables. RESULTS suggest that both EV experts and EV non-experts considered cost-related factors as much more important than social identity processes. However, hierarchical regression analyses of the survey data showed that norms and collective efficacy have equal or even stronger effects on acceptance than cost-related factors. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Language: en

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201 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Applying the stage model of self-regulated behavioral change in a car use reduction intervention

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Sebastian Bamberg

01 Mar 2013-Journal of Environmental Psychology

TL;DR: In this article, a phone-based social marketing campaign aiming to promote motor car use reduction was used to demonstrate how SSCB can be used to develop intervention modules targeting the proposed stages.

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185 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Residential electricity consumption behavior: Influencing factors, related theories and intervention strategies

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Guo Zhifeng¹, Kaile Zhou¹, Chi Zhang¹, Xinhui Lu¹, Wen Chen¹, Shanlin Yang¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

Hefei University of Technology¹

01 Jan 2018-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and evaluated the existing research works which are related to the residential electricity consumption behavior, focusing on the following aspects: (1) factors influencing residential electricity consumptions in social psychology; (2) Theories of social psychology in understanding residential consumption behavior; and (3) Different interventions aiming at encouraging households to reduce electricity consumption.

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Abstract: The proportion of residential electricity consumption in the total energy consumption has increased rapidly in the past decades all over the world. It is becoming increasingly important to promote household energy conservation for the sustainable development of a country in the case of resource constraints. This paper reviews and evaluates the existing research works which are related to the residential electricity consumption behavior. Particular attention is given to the following aspects. (1) Factors influencing residential electricity consumption in social psychology. (2) Theories of social psychology in understanding residential electricity consumption behavior. (3) Different interventions aiming at encouraging households to reduce electricity consumption. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of research on residential electricity consumption behavior in the big data era.

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154 citations

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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

The theory of planned behavior

[...]

Icek Ajzen¹•Institutions (1)

University of Massachusetts Amherst¹

01 Dec 1991-Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

TL;DR: Ajzen, 1985, 1987, this article reviewed the theory of planned behavior and some unresolved issues and concluded that the theory is well supported by empirical evidence and that intention to perform behaviors of different kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior.

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65,095 citations

"Changing environmentally harmful be..." refers background in this paper

...However, because MAP does not describe in detail psychological factors contributing to stage progression, constructs taken from the norm-activation model (Schwartz & Howard, 1981) and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) are integrated....
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...…two decades much of the research trying to answer these questions was guided by two theoretical models: Whereas the theory of planned behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) views proenvironmental behaviors as the consequence of a “rational choice” aiming to maximize personal benefits, the norm activation…...
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...Howard, 1981) and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) are integrated....
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..., Jackson, 2005): How can we persuade people to switch transport modes, appliance choices, eating habits, and leisure practices in ways that will reduce their damaging impact on the environment? In the last two decades much of the research trying to answer these questions was guided by two theoretical models: Whereas the theory of planned behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) views proenvironmental behaviors as the consequence of a “rational choice” aiming to maximize personal benefits, the norm activation model (NAM, Schwartz & Howard, 1981) views these behaviors as pro-social acts guided by the activation of a personal moral norm. Meta-analyses (e.g., Bamberg & Möser, 2007; Gardner, 2008) indicate that constructs from both models, the TPB and the NAM, should be viewed as significant predictors of pro-environmental behaviors. As a consequence in the last years different researchers (e.g., Bamberg & Möser, 2007; Manstead, 2000) have proposed to combine TPB and NAM by including personal moral norm as another determinant of the intention to behave in a more pro-environmental way. Intention itself is viewed as the most important direct psychological determinant of observable behavioral change. Thus, within this theoretical framework, interventions aiming to promote pro-environmental behaviors should systematically target the intentional determinants attitude, personal moral norm, and PBC. However, this assumption is challenged by the frequently low empirical intentionebehavior relationship: One the average behavioral intention explains only about 30% of the variance in actual behavior (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Bamberg & Möser, 2007). This “intentionebehavior gap” renders it questionable whether an interventionwhich successfully changes an individual’s behavioral intention automatically leads to a respective change in actual behavior. Indeed, a recent meta-analysis of 53 intervention studies by Michie, Whittington, Abraham, and McAteer (2009) found that intervention techniques targeting the intention determinants attitude and PBC had negligible effects on actual behavior....
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Book•

Structural Equations with Latent Variables

[...]

Kenneth A. Bollen

28 Apr 1989

TL;DR: The General Model, Part I: Latent Variable and Measurement Models Combined, Part II: Extensions, Part III: Extensions and Part IV: Confirmatory Factor Analysis as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: Model Notation, Covariances, and Path Analysis. Causality and Causal Models. Structural Equation Models with Observed Variables. The Consequences of Measurement Error. Measurement Models: The Relation Between Latent and Observed Variables. Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The General Model, Part I: Latent Variable and Measurement Models Combined. The General Model, Part II: Extensions. Appendices. Distribution Theory. References. Index.

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19,019 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: a meta-analytic review.

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Christopher J. Armitage¹, Mark Conner²•Institutions (2)

University of Sheffield¹, University of Leeds²

01 Dec 2001-British Journal of Social Psychology

TL;DR: A quantitative integration and review of research on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the subjective norm, which found that intentions and self-predictions were better predictors of behaviour than attitude, subjective norm and PBC.

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Abstract: The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has received considerable attention in the literature. The present study is a quantitative integration and review of that research. From a database of 185 independent studies published up to the end of 1997, the TPB accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance in behaviour and intention, respectively. The perceived behavioural control (PBC) construct accounted for significant amounts of variance in intention and behaviour, independent of theory of reasoned action variables. When behaviour measures were self-reports, the TPB accounted for 11% more of the variance in behaviour than when behaviour measures were objective or observed (R2s = .31 and .21, respectively). Attitude, subjective norm and PBC account for significantly more of the variance in individuals' desires than intentions or self-predictions, but intentions and self-predictions were better predictors of behaviour. The subjective norm construct is generally found to be a weak predictor of intentions. This is partly attributable to a combination of poor measurement and the need for expansion of the normative component. The discussion focuses on ways in which current TPB research can be taken forward in the light of the present review.

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8,889 citations

"Changing environmentally harmful be..." refers background or result in this paper

...However, this assumption is challenged by the frequently low empirical intentionebehavior relationship: One the average behavioral intention explains only about 30% of the variance in actual behavior (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Bamberg & Möser, 2007)....
[...]
...This view is in line with the results of meta-analytical reviews (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Bamberg & Möser, 2007) indicating that attitude, personal moral norm, and PBC but not subjective norm, are significant direct predictors of behavioral intentions....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Structural Equations with Latent Variables.

[...]

Roderick P. McDonald, Kenneth A. Bollen

01 Dec 1990-Journal of the American Statistical Association

6,073 citations

"Changing environmentally harmful be..." refers methods in this paper

...a Reliabilities calculated according to Bollen (1989). S. Bamberg / Journal of Environmental Psychology 34 (2013) 151e159 156...
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...a Reliabilities calculated according to Bollen (1989). S....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.

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Peter M. Gollwitzer

01 Jan 1999-American Psychologist

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose to delegate the control of goal-directed responses to anticipated situational cues, which elicit these responses automatically when actually encountered, and demonstrate that implementation intentions further the attainment of goals.

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Abstract: When people encounter problems in translating their goals into action (e.g., failing to get started, becoming distracted, or falling into bad habits), they may strategically call on automatic processes in an attempt to secure goal attainment. This can be achieved by plans in the form of implementation intentions that link anticipated critical situations to goal-directed responses ("Whenever situation x arises, I will initiate the goal-directed response y!"). Implementation intentions delegate the control of goal-directed responses to anticipated situational cues, which (when actually encountered) elicit these responses automatically. A program of research demonstrates that implementation intentions further the attainment of goals, and it reveals the underlying processes.

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4,631 citations

"Changing environmentally harmful be..." refers background in this paper

...Once this critical situation is actually encountered, the actions specified in the implementation intention should be initiated automatically (Gollwitzer, 1999)....
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...Gollwitzer (1999) assumes that the enactment of the intended new behavior is facilitated by forming an implementation intention....
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