Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins
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1,468 citations
Cites background from "Channel-reach morphology in mountai..."
...Above the US Geological Survey (USGS) gauging stations (Fig. 1) the channels have low sinuosity and are best described as having a cascade-type channel morphology ( Montgomery and Buffington 1997 ) composed typically of gravel and boulders....
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1,046 citations
956 citations
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...Montgomery & Buffington (1997) emphasize that cascade and step-pool morphologies are associated with low sediment flux (Qs) to transport capacity (Qc) ratios (and therefore lowD50bl/D50bm ratios, whereD50bl is bedload median size), whereas plane-bed and pool-riffle morphologies are associated with…...
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...Channel Bed Morphology Montgomery & Buffington (1997) developed a classification scheme that defines four categories of bed morphology in alluvial reaches of steepland rivers, each associated with a characteristic median grainsize of bed material (D50bm), gradient (S), relative roughness (ratio…...
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...Channel Bed Morphology Montgomery & Buffington (1997) developed a classification scheme that defines four categories of bed morphology in alluvial reaches of steepland rivers, each associated with a characteristic median grainsize of bed material (D50bm), gradient (S), relative roughness (ratio ofD50bmto flow depth,H), and hydraulic roughness (Manning’s N): cascade, step-pool, plane-bed, and pool-riffle (Table 1)....
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820 citations
Cites background from "Channel-reach morphology in mountai..."
...…the local stream-bed morphology varies from cobble to sand plane bed near the mouths of the larger drainages to a locally variable mix of step-pool, boulder-cascade , bedrock, and colluvial conditions in the higher parts of the basins (classification scheme of Montgomery and Buffington, 1997)....
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689 citations
Cites background or methods from "Channel-reach morphology in mountai..."
...…segments with a straight downstream sloping bed surface (Platts et al. 1983) and relatively homogeneous bed material, similar to the plane-bed morphology described by Montgomery and Buffington (1997, 1998), whereas riffles are sections of locally steep gradient in the longitudinal stream profile....
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...From the variety of stream classifications available, two recent stream classification systems, Montgomery and Buffington (1993, 1997, 1998), and Rosgen (1994, 1996) are explained below....
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...Montgomery and Buffington (1993, 1997) developed a stream classification to describe streams found in the Pacific Northwest....
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...123 The morphology of step-pool or A-type streams (Section 1.3.1 and 1.3.2) is a sequence of steep steps composed of cobbles and boulders that alternate with pools of finer bed material (Montgomery and Buffington 1997; 1998, Church 1992; Section 1.3.1)....
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...A plunge pool may form at the downstream side if flow overtops the channel obstruction (Thompson 1995; Montgomery et al. 1995; Montgomery and Buffington 1997, 1998)....
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References
3,626 citations
3,227 citations
"Channel-reach morphology in mountai..." refers background in this paper
...…mountain channels provide important aquatic habitat (e.g., Nehlsen et al., 1991; Frissell, 1993), supply sediment to estuaries and the oceans (e.g., Milliman and Syvitski, 1992), and transmit land use disturbances from headwater areas down through drainage networks (e.g., Reid, 1993), they have…...
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2,242 citations
"Channel-reach morphology in mountai..." refers background in this paper
...…Nehlsen et al., 1991; Frissell, 1993), supply sediment to estuaries and the oceans (e.g., Milliman and Syvitski, 1992), and transmit land use disturbances from headwater areas down through drainage networks (e.g., Reid, 1993), they have received relatively little study compared to lowland rivers....
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...…channels possess a continuum of characteristics identifiable at spatial scales that range from individual channel units to entire drainage basins (Frissell et al., 1986), channel reaches of at least 10 to 20 channel widths in length define a useful scale over which to relate stream morphology to…...
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2,182 citations
"Channel-reach morphology in mountai..." refers background in this paper
...Classification schemes can organize such understanding into conceptual models that provide further insight into channel processes (e.g., Schumm, 1977)....
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1,781 citations
"Channel-reach morphology in mountai..." refers background in this paper
...Pool-riffle channels have an undulating bed that defines a sequence of bars, pools, and riffles (Leopold et al., 1964) (Fig....
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...Pool-riffle channels have heterogeneous beds that exhibit a variety of sorting and packing, commonly with a coarse surface layer and a finer subsurface (Leopold et al., 1964; Milhous, 1973)....
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...Pools are rhythmically spaced about every five to seven channel widths in selfformed, pool-riffle channels (Leopold et al., 1964; Keller and Mellhorn, 1978), but channels with a high loading of large woody debris exhibit smaller pool spacing (Montgomery et al., 1995)....
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...Tumbling flow over individual grain steps and turbulence associated with jet-and-wake flow around grains dissipates much of the mechanical energy of the flow (Fig....
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...Step-pool channels exhibit a pool spacing of roughly one to four channel widths (Bowman, 1977; Whittaker, 1987b; Chin, 1989; Grant et al., 1990), significantly less than the five to seven channel widths that typify self-formed pool-riffle channels (Leopold et al., 1964; Keller and Melhorn, 1978)....
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