Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel.
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...The desensitized population can recover in the dark with a characteristic time constant on the order of 5 seconds, giving rise to a similar peak photocurrent if a second light pulse is applied after sufficient time has elapsed (Nagel et al. 2003)....
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...For example, channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) (Nagel et al. 2002) and channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) (Nagel et al. 2003) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are bluelight-activated nonspecific cation channels....
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...In 2005, one of these micro- bial opsins was brought to neuroscience as the first single-component optogenetic tool (Boyden et al. 2005), and the other microbial opsin subfamilies followed close behind....
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...Typically, a transient peak photocurrent, evoked at the onset of light stimulation, decays modestly to a steady-state photocurrent even in the presence of continuous light, owing in part to the desensitization of a certain population of channels (Nagel et al. 2003)....
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...Author Information The GenBank accession number is EF474018 for the ‘mammalianized’ NpHR sequence and EF474017 for the ‘mammalianized’ ChR2(1-315) sequence....
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