Characterisation of plastic microbeads in facial scrubs and their estimated emissions in Mainland China.

doi:10.1016/J.WATRES.2017.05.053

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Characterisation of plastic microbeads in facial scrubs and their estimated emissions in Mainland China.

Journal Article•DOI•

Characterisation of plastic microbeads in facial scrubs and their estimated emissions in Mainland China.

Pui Kwan Cheung¹, Lincoln Fok¹•Institutions (1)

University of Hong Kong¹

01 Oct 2017-Water Research (Pergamon)-Vol. 122, pp 53-61

TL;DR: The number of microbeads emitted into the aquatic environment in Mainland China every year far exceeds the previous estimate of plastic debris on the world's sea surface.

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About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2017-10-01. It has received 285 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Detection, occurrence and removal

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Jing Sun¹, Xiaohu Dai¹, Qilin Wang², Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht³, Bing-Jie Ni¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

Tongji University¹, Griffith University², Delft University of Technology³

01 Apr 2019-Water Research

TL;DR: In this review, the up-to-date status on the detection, occurrence and removal of microplastics in WWTPs are comprehensively reviewed and the development of potential microplastic-targeted treatment technologies is presented.

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909 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Microplastics in sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants in China

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Xiaowei Li¹, Lubei Chen¹, Qingqing Mei¹, Bin Dong², Xiaohu Dai², Guoji Ding¹, Eddy Y. Zeng³ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

Shanghai University¹, Tongji University², Jinan University³

01 Oct 2018-Water Research

TL;DR: It is confirmed that sewage sludge discharge is an important source of microplastic (MP) pollution in the environment and further evaluation of the associated environmental hazards with MPs is deemed necessary.

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600 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Bohai Sea, China.

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Weiwei Zhang¹, Shoufeng Zhang, Juying Wang, Yan Wang, Jingli Mu, Ping Wang, Xinzhen Lin, Deyi Ma² - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

Ocean University of China¹, State Oceanic Administration²

01 Dec 2017-Environmental Pollution

TL;DR: The occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the Bohai Sea are reported for the first time and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the main types ofmicroplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.

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359 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on aquatic food web, from primary producer to human: A review.

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Wenfeng Wang, Hui Gao, Shuaichen Jin, Ruijing Li, Guangshui Na - Show less +1 more

30 May 2019-Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

TL;DR: The wide occurrence of microplastics ingestion by aquatic fauna is described and the ecotoxicological effects ofmicroplastics as well as the associated chemicals on aquatic biota including phytoplankton and fauna from both freshwater and marine environments are evaluated.

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344 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in an urban river: A case study in the Pearl River along Guangzhou City, China

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Lang Lin¹, Lin-Zi Zuo¹, Jinping Peng², Liqi Cai², Lincoln Fok³, Yan Yan¹, Heng-Xiang Li¹, Xiang-Rong Xu¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (3)

Chinese Academy of Sciences¹, Guangdong University of Technology², University of Hong Kong³

10 Dec 2018-Science of The Total Environment

TL;DR: It is indicated that wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) could reduce microplastics from municipal sewage which was finally discharged into the Pearl River along Guangzhou.

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310 citations

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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean

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Jenna Jambeck¹, Roland Geyer², Chris Wilcox³, Theodore R. Siegler⁴, Miriam E. Perryman¹, Anthony L. Andrady⁵, Ramani Narayan⁶, Kara Lavender Law⁷ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (7)

University of Georgia¹, University of California, Santa Barbara², Hobart Corporation³, DSM⁴, North Carolina State University⁵, Michigan State University⁶, Sea Education Association⁷

13 Feb 2015-Science

TL;DR: This work combines available data on solid waste with a model that uses population density and economic status to estimate the amount of land-based plastic waste entering the ocean, which is estimated to be 275 million metric tons.

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Abstract: Plastic debris in the marine environment is widely documented, but the quantity of plastic entering the ocean from waste generated on land is unknown. By linking worldwide data on solid waste, population density, and economic status, we estimated the mass of land-based plastic waste entering the ocean. We calculate that 275 million metric tons (MT) of plastic waste was generated in 192 coastal countries in 2010, with 4.8 to 12.7 million MT entering the ocean. Population size and the quality of waste management systems largely determine which countries contribute the greatest mass of uncaptured waste available to become plastic marine debris. Without waste management infrastructure improvements, the cumulative quantity of plastic waste available to enter the ocean from land is predicted to increase by an order of magnitude by 2025.

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6,689 citations

"Characterisation of plastic microbe..." refers background in this paper

...By weight, this portion is approximately 0.02 % of the estimated annual input of 324 plastic waste to the ocean from China (Jambeck et al., 2015)....
[...]
...Jambeck et al. (2015) also 72 estimated the global input of land-based plastic waste into the sea to be approximately 275 73 million metric tons in 2010 using the demographics of 192 coastal countries....
[...]
...…278 also fills an important gap in estimating the input of plastics into the sea because most 279 previous studies focused on general plastic waste (Jambeck et al., 2015) or the results of 280 fragmentation of plastic debris (Cózar et al., 2014; Eriksen et al., 2014) and very few took 281 primary…...
[...]

Supplementary Materials for Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean

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Jenna Jambeck, Roland Geyer, Chris Wilcox, Theodore R. Siegler, Anthony L. Andrady, Ramani Narayan, Kara Lavender Law - Show less +3 more

01 Jan 2015

5,515 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments.

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David K. A. Barnes¹, François Galgani², Richard C. Thompson³, Morton A. Barlaz⁴•Institutions (4)

British Antarctic Survey¹, IFREMER², University of Plymouth³, North Carolina State University⁴

27 Jul 2009-Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

TL;DR: Global plastics production and the accumulation of plastic waste are documented, showing that trends in mega- and macro-plastic accumulation rates are no longer uniformly increasing and that the average size of plastic particles in the environment seems to be decreasing.

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Abstract: One of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting recent changes to the surface of our planet is the accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic...

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4,044 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification

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Valeria Hidalgo-Ruz¹, Lars Gutow², Richard C. Thompson³, Martin Thiel¹•Institutions (3)

Catholic University of the North¹, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research², University of Plymouth³

02 Mar 2012-Environmental Science & Technology

TL;DR: This review of 68 studies compares the methodologies used for the identification and quantification of microplastics from the marine environment and suggests standardized sampling procedures which allow the spatiotemporal comparison ofmicroplastic abundance across marine environments.

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Abstract: This review of 68 studies compares the methodologies used for the identification and quantification of microplastics from the marine environment. Three main sampling strategies were identified: selective, volume-reduced, and bulk sampling. Most sediment samples came from sandy beaches at the high tide line, and most seawater samples were taken at the sea surface using neuston nets. Four steps were distinguished during sample processing: density separation, filtration, sieving, and visual sorting of microplastics. Visual sorting was one of the most commonly used methods for the identification of microplastics (using type, shape, degradation stage, and color as criteria). Chemical and physical characteristics (e.g., specific density) were also used. The most reliable method to identify the chemical composition of microplastics is by infrared spectroscopy. Most studies reported that plastic fragments were polyethylene and polypropylene polymers. Units commonly used for abundance estimates are “items per m2” ...

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3,119 citations

"Characterisation of plastic microbe..." refers background in this paper

...Except for Brand I, over 90 % of the microbeads in the products had diameters 252 smaller than 335 µm, which is a common mesh size used in sampling microplastics on the sea 253 surface (Hidalgo-Ruz et al., 2012)....
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...In fact, over 96 % of the 297 microplastics had diameters smaller than 335 µm, which is the typical mesh size used in 298 microplastic research (Hidalgo-Ruz et al., 2012)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea

[...]

Marcus Eriksen, Laurent Lebreton¹, Henry S. Carson², Martin Thiel³, Charles J. Moore⁴, Jose C. Borerro, François Galgani⁵, Peter G. Ryan⁶, Julia Reisser⁷ - Show less +5 more•Institutions (7)

Wellington Management Company¹, University of Hawaii at Hilo², Catholic University of the North³, California State University, Long Beach⁴, IFREMER⁵, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology⁶, University of Western Australia⁷

10 Dec 2014-PLOS ONE

TL;DR: The total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans is estimated from 24 expeditions across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows and visual survey transects of large plastic debris.

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Abstract: Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world’s oceans from 24 expeditions (2007–2013) across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows (N5680) and visual survey transects of large plastic debris (N5891). Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. When comparing between four size classes, two microplastic ,4.75 mm and meso- and macroplastic .4.75 mm, a tremendous loss of microplastics is observed from the sea surface compared to expected rates of fragmentation, suggesting there are mechanisms at play that remove ,4.75 mm plastic particles from the ocean surface.

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3,091 citations

"Characterisation of plastic microbe..." refers background in this paper

...…input of plastics into the sea because most 279 previous studies focused on general plastic waste (Jambeck et al., 2015) or the results of 280 fragmentation of plastic debris (Cózar et al., 2014; Eriksen et al., 2014) and very few took 281 primary microplastics into account (Gouin et al., 2015)....
[...]
...For example, by counting large plastic debris on the sea surface and 69 modelling their fragmentation patterns, Eriksen et al. (2014) suggested that more than five 70 trillion plastic particles are floating on the sea surface and that over 90 % of those particles 71 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED are…...
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...By number, this portion is an order of 321 magnitude higher than a previous estimation of the presence of over 5 trillion plastic pieces 322 on the world’s ocean surface (Eriksen et al., 2014), which only considered plastic debris over 323 330 µm....
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