Characterization and Analysis of Porosity and Pore Structures
TL;DR: There are a large number of methods for quantifying porosity, and an increasingly complex idea of what it means to do so as discussed by the authors, which is why it is important to quantify the relationships between porosity and storage, transport and rock properties, however, the pore structure must be measured and quantitatively described.
Abstract: Porosity plays a clearly important role in geology. It controls fluid storage in aquifers, oil and gas fields and geothermal systems, and the extent and connectivity of the pore structure control fluid flow and transport through geological formations, as well as the relationship between the properties of individual minerals and the bulk properties of the rock. In order to quantify the relationships between porosity, storage, transport and rock properties, however, the pore structure must be measured and quantitatively described. The overall importance of porosity, at least with respect to the use of rocks as building stone was recognized by TS Hunt in his “Chemical and Geological Essays” (1875, reviewed by JD Dana 1875) who noted:
> “Other things being equal, it may properly be said that the value of a stone for building purposes is inversely as its porosity or absorbing power.”
In a Geological Survey report prepared for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Manger (1963) summarized porosity and bulk density measurements for sedimentary rocks. He tabulated more than 900 items of porosity and bulk density data for sedimentary rocks with up to 2,109 porosity determinations per item. Amongst these he summarized several early studies, including those of Schwarz (1870–1871), Cook (1878), Wheeler (1896), Buckley (1898), Gary (1898), Moore (1904), Fuller (1906), Sorby (1908), Hirschwald (1912), Grubenmann et al. (1915), and Kessler (1919), many of which were concerned with rocks and clays of commercial utility. There have, of course, been many more such determinations since that time.
There are a large number of methods for quantifying porosity, and an increasingly complex idea of what it means to do so. Manger (1963) listed the techniques by which the porosity determinations he summarized were made. He separated these into seven methods for …
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TL;DR: Emsley and Waugh as mentioned in this paper published the Guide to the NMR Empirical Method A Workbook, which is based on the Bible jun.. Pp. xi + 305.
Abstract: Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Vol. 2. Edited by J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney and L. H. Sutcliffe. Pp. vii + 269. (Oxford, London and New York: Pergamon Press, Ltd, 1967.) 90s. net. Advances in Magnetic Resonance Vol. 2. By John S. Waugh. Pp. xii + 269. (New York: Academic Press, Inc.; London: Academic Press, Inc. (London), Ltd, 1966.) $12.00. Guide to the NMR Empirical Method A Workbook. By Roy H. Bible jun.. Pp. xi + 305. (New York: Plenum Press, 1967.) $9.50.
528 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the pore size distribution and 3D pore connectivity are evaluated from NMR and XCT analysis, and the NMR spectrum is also linked to the macroscopic performance, and pore network is determined from N 2 GA, and fractal theory is introduced to explain the irregularity and heterogeneity of pore throat structure characteristics.
410 citations
344 citations
TL;DR: An overview on porous polymeric membrane preparation and characterization for two commonly used polymers: polysulfone and poly (vinylidene fluoride) is presented.
Abstract: Porous polymeric membranes have emerged as the core technology in the field of separation. But some challenges remain for several methods used for membrane fabrication, suggesting the need for a critical review of the literature. We present here an overview on porous polymeric membrane preparation and characterization for two commonly used polymers: polysulfone and poly (vinylidene fluoride). Five different methods for membrane fabrication are introduced: non-solvent induced phase separation, vapor-induced phase separation, electrospinning, track etching and sintering. The key factors of each method are discussed, including the solvent and non-solvent system type and composition, the polymer solution composition and concentration, the processing parameters, and the ambient conditions. To evaluate these methods, a brief description on membrane characterization is given related to morphology and performance. One objective of this review is to present the basics for selecting an appropriate method and membrane fabrication systems with appropriate processing conditions to produce membranes with the desired morphology, performance and stability, as well as to select the best methods to determine these properties.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the pore structure and heterogeneity of the unconventional tight oil reservoirs of the Permian Lucaogou Formation of Jimusaer Sag, Junggar Basin are not studied well.
202 citations
References
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TL;DR: The origins, challenges and solutions of NIH Image and ImageJ software are discussed, and how their history can serve to advise and inform other software projects.
Abstract: For the past 25 years NIH Image and ImageJ software have been pioneers as open tools for the analysis of scientific images. We discuss the origins, challenges and solutions of these two programs, and how their history can serve to advise and inform other software projects.
44,587 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993TL;DR: This article presents bootstrap methods for estimation, using simple arguments, with Minitab macros for implementing these methods, as well as some examples of how these methods could be used for estimation purposes.
Abstract: This article presents bootstrap methods for estimation, using simple arguments. Minitab macros for implementing these methods are given.
37,183 citations
24,580 citations
"Characterization and Analysis of Po..." refers methods in this paper
...These are commonly referred to as pycnometry methods which has some similarity to the BET methods described by the early work of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (1938)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: This book is a blend of erudition, popularization, and exposition, and the illustrations include many superb examples of computer graphics that are works of art in their own right.
Abstract: "...a blend of erudition (fascinating and sometimes obscure historical minutiae abound), popularization (mathematical rigor is relegated to appendices) and exposition (the reader need have little knowledge of the fields involved) ...and the illustrations include many superb examples of computer graphics that are works of art in their own right." Nature
24,199 citations
TL;DR: Mise au point comportant des definitions generales et la terminologie, la methodologie utilisee, les procedes experimentaux, les interpretations des donnees d'adsorption, les determinations de l'aire superficielle, and les donnes sur la mesoporosite et la microporosite.
Abstract: Mise au point comportant des definitions generales et la terminologie, la methodologie utilisee, les procedes experimentaux, les interpretations des donnees d'adsorption, les determinations de l'aire superficielle, et les donnees sur la mesoporosite et la microporosite
20,347 citations
"Characterization and Analysis of Po..." refers background in this paper
...IUPAC (Sing et al. 1985) classifi ed the adsorption isotherms into six types (Type I to VI), along with four hysteresis pattern types (H1 to H4)....
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...A detailed description of the IUPAC isotherm classifi cation is presented in Sing et al. (1985) and Rouquerol et al. (1999)....
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