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Journal ArticleDOI

Characterization of fatigue damage for paving asphaltic materials

01 Dec 2005-Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures (Blackwell Science Ltd)-Vol. 28, Iss: 12, pp 1113-1118
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the fatigue characteristics of typical bituminous materials used in road applications using a four-point bending beam test apparatus under controlled strain and stress conditions.
Abstract: This study investigates the fatigue characteristics of typical bituminous materials used in road applications. Fatigue testing was performed in a four-point bending beam test apparatus under controlled strain and stress conditions. Fatigue life was defined using the classical approach as the number of cycles, N f , to 50% reduction in the initial stiffness modulus. It has also been defined in terms of macro-crack initiation, N 1 . A different approach, based on the linear reduction in stiffness during a particular stage of a fatigue test, was introduced to define a damage parameter, and the evolution of this damage parameter with number of cycles was used to characterize fatigue life. Furthermore, refinements to the linear damage model were introduced to take into account the difference in the evolution of dissipated energy between controlled strain and stress testing modes. These modifications have enabled the identification of a unique fatigue damage rate for both controlled strain and stress test modes.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of using recycled fine aggregates powder (RFAP) as filler in asphalt mixtures was investigated, and the results indicated that RFAP can improve the properties of asphalt mixture, such as including water sensitivity and fatigue resistance.

174 citations


Cites background from "Characterization of fatigue damage ..."

  • ...14, four point fatigue tests have shown the existence of a stage during the test characterized by an approximately linear reduction in the stiffness modulus, E, with number of cycles [16]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss existing tests and analytical methods that can be used to assess and quantify moisture damage potential in asphalt mixtures and present a new approach for classifying moisture damage, which emphasises recent analytical developments.
Abstract: Moisture damage in asphalt pavements is the degradation of the mechanical properties of the asphalt composite due to the action of water. In a companion paper the mechanisms of moisture damage were discussed. It was established that in order to characterise moisture damage in asphalt mixtures, it is important to comprehensively describe and model the effect of thermodynamic, chemical, physical, and mechanical processes. This paper discusses existing tests and analytical methods that can be used to assess and quantify moisture damage potential in asphalt mixtures. These methods range from visual qualification of asphalt binder stripped from the aggregate, to analytical-based models that include multiple material properties derived using fracture mechanics, continuum mechanics, thermodynamics, and/or micromechanics. In addition, this paper presents a new approach for classifying moisture damage, which emphasises recent analytical developments. Finally, advances in the mathematical modelling of moisture dama...

93 citations


Cites methods from "Characterization of fatigue damage ..."

  • ...…methodologies, some other damage models based on fracture mechanics and continuum mechanics in asphalt mixtures have been used to analyse fatigue and rutting (Jailardo 2003, Artimendi and Khalid 2005, Song et al. 2005, Kim et al. 2006) that could be considered as a potential multiparameter MDR....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of air void percentage on mode I fracture toughness are studied statistically, and the Weibull model can be used successfully for predicting the statistical nature of tensile cracking phenomenon in asphalt mixtures.
Abstract: Brittle fracture of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures is one of the main deterioration modes of pavements. Hence as an important design parameter, it is required that a reliable value for fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures is known. However, because of natural inhomogeneity of asphalt mixtures and inherent sources of scatters such as random distribution of ingredients and preparation process, the use of statistical analyses might provide better estimations for the crack growth resistance of asphalt mixtures. In this paper by conducting several low temperature fracture toughness experiments on three types of asphalt mixtures with different air void contents, the effects of air void percentage on mode I fracture toughness are studied statistically. Fifty six edge cracked semi-circular bend specimens containing 4, 5 and 7% air voids were tested, and the corresponding two and three-Weibull distribution parameters were determined for each set of data. It was shown that the Weibull model can be used successfully for predicting the statistical nature of tensile cracking phenomenon in asphalt mixtures. The mean fracture toughness values and the Weibull parameters were reduced by increasing the air void content. Furthermore, the distribution parameters obtained experimentally for the mixtures containing 4% and 5% voids were also predicted quite well in terms of the Weibull parameters of a reference mixture containing 7% air void.

81 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach that allows for a global analysis of the fatigue phenomenon is proposed, which is tested through the study of various types of materials under different test conditions using the UGR-FACT device and results have shown that using this approach it is possible to distinguish between the different phenomena that appear during cyclic loading and to establish a homogenous failure criterion.

67 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of a four-point bending test arrangement to determine the dynamic mechanical properties of rectangular beam specimens (305345350 mm dimensions) of bituminous mixtures is discussed.
Abstract: One of the primary structural distress modes found in bituminous pavement layers is fatigue cracking, resulting from repeated application of traffic-induced stresses. The development of a four-point bending test arrangement to determine the dynamic mechanical properties of rectangular beam specimens (305345350 mm dimensions! of bituminous mixtures is discussed. This novel system allows the crack-damaged surfaces of beam specimens to be inspected and monitored digitally in situ during fatigue tests. The test fixture, which was integrated with a closed-loop servo hydraulic feedback system, incorporates a constant clamping mechanism and uses a combined displacement and loading mode of control. A series of four-point bending fatigue tests were performed on specimens of two standard Irish mixtures: a hot rolled asphalt and dense base course macadam. The digitally imaged information on fatigue cracking was used to measure the extent of damage and to characterize a linear elastic fracture mechanics model.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a typical pavement model was developed to calculate the load-induced strains in each of the five bituminous paving mixtures used as wearing courses, together with the developed fatigue relationships, were used to predict the fatigue lives of the 5 mixtures from the two techniques.
Abstract: This paper presents laboratory fatigue results on five bituminous paving mixtures, including a Hot Rolled Asphalt, a Dense Bitumen Macadam and a Stone Mastic Asphalt. Centre-point bending fatigue tests were conducted on prismatic beam samples cut from laboratory prepared slabs and the strain/fatigue life relationships were achieved for the five mixtures. Cylindrical samples were produced by coring identical slabs of the five mixtures and were tested in the diametral fatigue test to establish the corresponding fatigue relationships. Also, the theoretical approach used to deduce the applicability of the diametral test as a fatigue testing tool for bituminous materials is discussed. A typical pavement model was then developed to calculate the load-induced strains in each of the five mixtures used as wearing courses. These strains, together with the developed fatigue relationships, were used to predict the fatigue lives of the five mixtures from the two techniques. The main findings of the paper are that, at low strain levels, the fatigue lines of the five mixtures obtained from the diametral test assume similar relative positions to those from bending tests. However, there is a significant difference in the estimated fatigue lives resulting from the two techniques. Fatigue equivalence ratios have been derived to emphasize this difference.

34 citations

01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of fatigue lives measured in 2 and 4 point dynamic bending tests is presented, and the results are not comparable for both tests. But the results confirm the opinion that healing already takes place during the fatigue process and should be taken into account in the interpretation of the fatigue measurements and the characterization of the asphalt fatigue properties.
Abstract: At the 4th Eurobitume Symposium a fatigue life definition was introduced, which was based on the dissipated energy concept (Hopman et al, 1989). This new definition is based on a change in a material related aspect (dissipated energy per cycle) instead of a specimen property. It was shown that, using the dissipated energy law and this new fatigue life definition, the results were exchangeable for strain and stress controlled fatigue tests even at different frequencies. These experiments were only carried out in a 4 point dynamic bending test. In this paper the results are presented of a comparison of fatigue lives measured in 2 and 4 point dynamic bending tests. In spite of the new fatigue life definition, the results are not comparable for both tests. This may be due to the composition of the mix at issue and the small dimensions of the specimen in the 2 point bending test. Also the healing phenomenon is studied in the 4 point bending test. Rest periods between loadings ought to enlarge the fatigue life considerably. After a resting period the stiffness modulus is largely restored. If instead of resting periods (with zero loading), load blocks are used with a smaller load amplitude, it is shown that during these pseudo rest periods the stiffness modulus will increase. Depending on the duration of the pseudo rest period and the amplitudes of the loadings, this increase will be followed by a decrease in stiffness modulus. These findings confirm the opinion that healing already takes place during the fatigue process and should be taken into account in the interpretation of the fatigue measurements and the characterization of the fatigue properties. Based on the dissipated energy concept a model is proposed taking into account the healing phenomenon. This model should enable a more fundamental description of the asphalt fatigue properties including healing.

33 citations