Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil
13 Mar 2019-Vol. 59
TL;DR: The first register of Bauhinia holophylla as host plants of Cecidomyiidae is presented, and the occurrence of Rochadiplosis tibouchinae Tavares and Couridiplosis vena is expanded to São Paulo State.
Abstract: Herein, we studied the occurrence of insect galls from natural vegetation around the Itambe Cave, Altinopolis, SP, Brazil. A sampling effort of 7.5 hours resulted in 41 gall morphotypes on 21 host plant species from 14 families. The richest families of host plants in morphotypes were Fabaceae (N = 11), Euphorbiaceae (N = 7), and Malpighiaceae (N = 5). Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (N = 8), Croton floribundus Spreng. (N = 7), Diplopterys pubipetala (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson & C.C. Davis (N = 5), and Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud. (N = 4) were the super host plant species. Among the gall makers obtained, cecidomyiids were reared in 81% of cases and Hemiptera (Diaspididae), Hymenoptera (Eurytomidae), Coleoptera (Apion sp./Apionidae), and Lepidoptera in 4.5% of cases, each. The parasitoids belong to the Chalcidoidea superfamily (Hymenoptera). One new species of Camptoneuromyiia (Cecidomyiidae) was found in Smilax oblongifolia Pohl ex Griseb. (Smilacaceae) as inquiline and a new species of Lestodiplosis in Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae) was a predator. We also present the first register of Bauhinia holophylla as host plants of Cecidomyiidae, and we expand the occurrence of Rochadiplosis tibouchinae Tavares and Couridiplosis vena to Sao Paulo State. The results of this paper are a continuation of the description of gall morphotypes from the vegetation in Northeastern Sao Paulo State, and they also increase knowledge about the diversity of host plant and gall-maker associations in the Neotropical region.
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TL;DR: An overview of the Cecidomyiidae family in Brazil is provided and it is shown that about 58% of the Brazilian fauna are known only from the type-locality and these informations can be useful for environmental conservational purposes.
Abstract: Most Neotropical species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) have been described from Brazil, but a list of species with occurrence in the country has never been published. Little is known about their distribution and richness in the Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Additionally, a list of host plant species has never been gathered. The present study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and provides an overview of this family in Brazil. For this, data were obtained mainly from the literature, but also from the Cecidomyiidae collection of Museu Nacional and two herbaria (RB and R). Based on the site "Flora do Brasil 2020", botanical names were updated and plant species origin and distribution were verified. A total of 265 gall midge species have been recorded in Brazil, most from the Atlantic Forest (183), followed by Cerrado (60), and Amazon Forest (29). The other phytogeographic domains shelter from five to ten species. Phytophagous gall midges occur on 128 plant species of 52 families, almost all native, being 43 endemic to Brazil (21 endemic to Atlantic Forest, five to Cerrado, and one to Amazon). Although, the taxonomical knowledge is focused on the Atlantic Forest, each domain has its own fauna composition and these informations can be useful for environmental conservational purposes. About 58% of the Brazilian fauna are known only from the type-locality. In order to fill these gaps, it is necessary and important to collect in uninvestigated areas.
8 citations
TL;DR: A new galling species, Schizomyia barreirensis, is described, illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female and gall) and compared to other Neotropical congeneric species.
Abstract: Galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae) were investigated in two physiognomies of the Cerrado, riparian and dry forest, in the municipality of Barreiras (Western Bahia, Brazil) from October 2012 to July 2014. Four insect gall morphotypes were found. They were characterized based on shape, color, indumentum, plant organ of occurrence and galling taxon. A new galling species, Schizomyia barreirensis, is described, illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female and gall) and compared to other Neotropical congeneric species.
3 citations
TL;DR: The hitherto unknown larva of Lopesia spinosa Maia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described and the geographical distribution of the species is extended in Brazil to Delfinopolis in Minas Gerais; Altinopolis and Jundiai in Sao Paulo.
Abstract: The hitherto unknown larva of Lopesia spinosa Maia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described and the geographical distribution of the species is extended in Brazil to Delfinopolis in Minas Gerais; Altinopolis and Jundiai in Sao Paulo. Diagnostic characters of the species and illustration of the larva are presented.
2 citations
Cites background from "Characterization of insect galls fr..."
...Updated geographical distribution of Lopesia spinosa Once the galls and specimens of the Lopesia spinosawere sampled in Altinópolis, São Paulo State (Neves et al., 2019), and additional material was sampled in Serra do Japi Reserve in São Paulo State (Gomes et al., 2013) and Delfinópolis in Minas…...
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...(Euphorbiaceae) in São Paulo (Neves et al., 2019; Gomes et al., 2013) and Minas Gerais States (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2003) that appeared typical of Lopesia spinosa Maia, 2004 found in Tiradentes, Minas Gerais State (Maia and Fernandes, 2004, Fig....
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...Branches of C. floribundus (Euphorbiaceae) with galls were collected in Altinópolis, State of São Paulo, Brazil (Neves et al., 2019, Fig....
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16 Jul 2020
TL;DR: The results corroborate previous studies that highlight the importance of super-host plants for galling arthropod diversity on a local scale and affect galling species richness was not affected by none of explanatory variables.
Abstract: Several plant-related factors can influence the diversity of gall-inducing species communities. In the present study we performed an inventory of gall-inducing arthropods and we tested if the plant species richness and the abundance of super-host plants (Copaifera oblongifolia) influenced positively in the diversity of gall-inducing arthropod species. The study was realized in an area of Neotropical savanna (cerrado sensu stricto) in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Rio Pandeiros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Host-plant species and gall-inducing arthropods were sampled in 18 10 × 10 m plots distributed in the vegetation. In total we found 40 arthropod gall morphotypes, distributed on 17 botanical families and 29 plant species. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) induced the most arthropod galls (85%), and the plant family Fabaceae had the greatest richness of gall morphotypes (16). The plant species Copaifera oblongifolia and Andira humilis (Fabaceae) were the most important host species with five and three morphotypes, respectively. Galling species richness was not affected by none of explanatory variables (plant species richness and abundance of super-host plants). On the other hand, galling species per plant species was negatively affected by plant species richness and positively affected by abundance of super-host plants. This is the first study of arthropod-induced galls conducted in EPA of Rio Pandeiros, Brazil. Our results corroborate previous studies that highlight the importance of super-host plants for galling arthropod diversity on a local scale.
1 citations
TL;DR: Insights into Super-host Plant Species of Galling Insects in the Neotropical Region are obtained into the Amazonia Peruana and beyond.
Abstract: RESEARCH ARTICLE Insights into Super-host Plant Species of Galling Insects in the Neotropical Region Julio M. Grandez-Rios, Carlos G. H. Pizango and Walter S. de Araújo Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Av. José A. Quiñones, Iquitos, Peru School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Brazil
1 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1948
728 citations
"Characterization of insect galls fr..." refers background in this paper
...Altinópolis presents Cwa climate (Köppen, 1948) and the vegetation is a mosaic of Riparian Forest, Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, and Cerrado phytophysiognomies, predominated by Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (Ponzoni & MoreiraPessôa, 2015)....
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TL;DR: It is suggested that the hypothesis that selection imposed by enemies remains the most probable adaptive explanation for the evolution of diversity in insect galls has yet to be tested explicitly, and the requirements for an appropriate cross-species analysis are discussed.
Abstract: Insect galls are dramatic examples of extended phenotypes: although composed of host plant tissues, their development is largely controlled by insect genes. Adaptive explanations for gall traits should thus be expressed in terms of impacts on insect fitness, but the extent to which interspecific variation in gall structure is adaptive, and the possible selective pressures driving diversification in gall form remain controversial. In colonial aphids and thrips, gall structures probably diversified in response to selection for enhancement of the surface area available for feeding. In other taxa, such as gall wasps and gall midges, diversity is expressed predominantly in non-nutritive tissues, particularly those on the gall surface. All natural enemies attack the occupants of closed galls by penetrating gall tissue, and modifications that reduce enemy attack rates should thus be favoured. Recent studies of intraspecific variation in gall form strongly support a defensive role for several traits, but, to date, there is little empirical support for enemies as a cause of interspecific variation in gall form. Selection imposed by enemies nevertheless remains the most probable adaptive explanation for the evolution of diversity. We suggest that this hypothesis has yet to be tested explicitly, and discuss the requirements for an appropriate cross-species analysis.
708 citations
"Characterization of insect galls fr..." refers background in this paper
...Some authors affirm the high level of specificity of gall maker and host plant (species-specific) associations as a result of the interaction between two genotypes (Abrahamson & McCrea, 1986; Abrahamson & Weis, 1987; Stone & Schönrogge, 2003)....
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...Each inducer species produces galls that are anatomically and physiologically different from those induced by other related species (Stone & Schönrogge, 2003)....
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350 citations
"Characterization of insect galls fr..." refers methods or result in this paper
...The cecidomyiids were later mounted on microscope slides following the methodology outlined in Gagné (1994) and identified to genera based on the keys of Gagné (1994)....
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...Our results indicated that the richer the host family, the richer their gall morphotypes, corroborating data previously obtained in the Neotropical region (Gagné, 1994; Araújo, 2011; Santana & Isaias, 2014)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The aim of this work was to clarify the role of nutritive cells in the nutrition of cynipids and cecidomyiids and to investigate the relationships of insects inhabiting cynipid galls in the context of urbanization and gall-inducing arthropods.
Abstract: M.S. Mani: Introduction to cecidology F. Dreger-Jauffret: Diversity of gall-inducing arthropods J.C. Roskam: Evolution of the gall-inducing guild H.G. Larew: Fossil galls O. Rohfritsch: Patterns in gall development L. Rey: Developmental morphology of two hymenopteran galls O. Rohfritsch & M. Anthony: Strategies in gall induction by two groups of homopterans R. Bronner: The role of nutritive cells in the nutrition of cynipids and cecidomyiids E. Westphal: Ccecidogenesis and resistance phenomena in mite-induced galls K. Hori: Insect secretions and their effects on plant growth with special reference to hemipterans M.L. Birch, J.W. Brewer & O. Rohfritsch: Biology of dasineura affinis (cecidomyiidae) and influence of its gall on viola odorata T.N. Ananthakrishnan: Unique aspects in the biology of thrips-induced galls M. Skuhrava & V. Skuhravy: Ecology of gall midges on common reed P.W. Price: Evolution and ecology of gall-inducing sawflies T.G. Whitham: ecology of pemphious gall aphids A.A. Wiebes- Rijks & J.D. Shorthouse: Ecological relationships of insects inhabiting cynipid galls G.W. Frankie, D.L. Morgan & E.E. Grissell: Influence of urbanization on the ecology of cynipid galls.
291 citations
"Characterization of insect galls fr..." refers background in this paper
...…are vegetal structures produced by an abnormal increase of plant cells, tissues or organs in response to specific stimulation caused by an inductor agent, such as a virus, bacteria, nematodes or insects (Carneiro et al., 2009; Shorthouse et al., 2005; Shorthouse & Rohfritsch, 1992)....
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TL;DR: D.J. Shorthouse, A. Raman, and D.D. Wool are among the artists whose work has been exhibited at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City this year.
215 citations
"Characterization of insect galls fr..." refers background in this paper
...…are vegetal structures produced by an abnormal increase of plant cells, tissues or organs in response to specific stimulation caused by an inductor agent, such as a virus, bacteria, nematodes or insects (Carneiro et al., 2009; Shorthouse et al., 2005; Shorthouse & Rohfritsch, 1992)....
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