Characterization of lignocellulosic fibres extracted from agricultural biomass: arecanut leaf sheath
TL;DR: In this paper, long staple lignocellulosic fibres were extracted from the arecanut leaf sheath, an agricultural biomass, by using alkali acid.
Abstract: In the present study, long staple lignocellulosic fibres were extracted from the arecanut leaf sheath, an agricultural biomass. The arecanut leaf sheath (ANLS) fibres have been extracted by alkali ...
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TL;DR: The use of alternative raw materials such as agricultural biomass and recycled wood waste and by-products in particleboard production is a viable approach to respond to the increased global demand for wood-based materials, and it is a key circular economy principle as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: The use of alternative raw materials such as agricultural biomass and recycled wood waste and by-products in particleboard production is a viable approach to respond to the increased global demand for wood-based materials, and it is a key circular economy principle as well. Wood chips are the second most costly element after resin in particleboard production, where both elements accounting for more than 50% of the overall production cost. Therefore, a significant cost reduction could be achieved by replacing wood chips with lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. Agricultural biomass exists in abundant post-harvest and post-production processes and can be served as an ideal alternative for particleboard manufacturing. This study aimed to review and evaluate the current state-of-the-art particleboard production using a wide variety of environmentally-friendly agricultural biomass, recycled wood waste, and by-products. In this review, the agricultural biomass used for particleboard production was classified into seven different groups based on the part of the plant which they are extracted from, i.e. straw, stalk, bagasse, seed/fruit, leaf, grass, and palms. Particleboards' properties of these raw materials were also compared in terms of their mechanical parameters. The last part of this review concluded the challenges and future potential of using agricultural biomass and recycled wood waste.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluate different methods used in the preparation of bio-composites, mainly those that are comprised of lignocellulosic derivatives and chitosan biopolymer.
Abstract: Biocomposites developed from lignocellulosic biomass have numerous potential applications in various sectors, including food packaging and medical technologies, wastewater treatment and purification. However, since the physicochemical properties of biocomposites are inferior to synthetic composites in various applications, it has been imperative to enhance their properties, by employing chemical and physical methods to modify their surface chemistry. In most cases, chemical methods have frequently been used due to the ability to form the intramolecular and intermolecular bonds between the polymers and the modifiers. The aim of this review is to evaluate different methods used in the preparation of bio-composites, mainly those that are comprised of lignocellulosic derivatives and chitosan biopolymer. In addition, the review will critically looks at biocomposites as biosorbent materials in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in aqueous solutions by investigating the different classes, different methods of preparation, their advantages, limitations and efficiency. The review will also survey the different applications particularly the success in their deployment in the water purification and treatment.
8 citations
24 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the isolation and preparation of nanocellulose from agricultural biomass, along with its unique properties and applications is described, which can be divided further into nanofibrillated cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals, which are seen as a better replacement for petroleum-based products.
Abstract: Biomass obtained from agriculture waste has been found to be environmentally suitable, renewable, economical, and readily available. This waste can be found in various crops such as pineapple leaves, flax, rice husks, potato peels, garlic straw, cotton stalks, grape skins, and hemp. Waste from crops contains a large number of natural fibers and are major sources of cellulose, which is known as one of the most important natural resources. It can also be extracted in the form of nanocellulose. This can be divided further into nanofibrillated cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals, which are seen as a better replacement for petroleum-based products. The demand for these products is increasing because of their high biodegradability, low density, renewability, and excellent mechanical properties. They also exhibit tremendous thermal, chemical, and optical properties with different sizes, shapes, properties, and chemical surfaces that make them superior for manufacturing advanced materials. Furthermore, nanocellulose materials have applications in various important fields such as health sectors, food industries, forest services, and cosmetics industries. This chapter describes the isolation and preparation of nanocellulose from agricultural biomass, along with its unique properties and applications.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation conducted in Thailand on the development of coconut co-ir-based lightweight cement boards (CCB) is presented, which are intended to be used as building components for energy conservation.
248 citations
Additional excerpts
...Parameters Cotton Jute Flax Hemp Ramie Coir Sisal ANLS fibre References Diameter (lm) 16–21 30–140 40–620 16–50 40–60 100–450 100–300 54.8 ± 60 Bledzki and Gassan (1999) Bisanda and Ansell (1992) Pickering et al. (2016) Hill and Xie (2011) Ticoalu et al. (2013) Biagiotti et al. (2004) Chandrasekar et al. (2017) Pandey (2007) Asasutjarit et al. (2007) Senthilkumar et al. (2018) Moisture content (...
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...…40–620 16–50 40–60 100–450 100–300 54.8 ± 60 Bledzki and Gassan (1999) Bisanda and Ansell (1992) Pickering et al. (2016) Hill and Xie (2011) Ticoalu et al. (2013) Biagiotti et al. (2004) Chandrasekar et al. (2017) Pandey (2007) Asasutjarit et al. (2007) Senthilkumar et al. (2018) Moisture content (...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the same authors reported that the treated curaua fibres also showed an increase of surface roughness, but no other significant changes were observed after the treatments except for moisture content and mechanical properties.
248 citations
"Characterization of lignocellulosic..." refers background in this paper
...These basic components most expectedly contain alkanes, aromatic, esters, ketones groups with diverse oxygen-containing functional groups (Spinac e et al., 2009)....
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TL;DR: This Primer discusses how plant cells have solved the problem of balancing strength and extensibility, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes.
247 citations
"Characterization of lignocellulosic..." refers background in this paper
...Organized fibrous structure cellulose is the chief structural component in plant cell walls and it provides mechanical strength to plants (Sarkar et al., 2009; Tian et al., 2018)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the degree of crystallinity of cellulose was used for assessing the degradation level of coated and uncoated samples of pine wood after weathering, and the experimental results proved that the proposed method may be a very useful tool for a rapid and accurate estimation of wood exposed to weathering.
Abstract: The degree of crystallinity of cellulose was used for assessing the degradation level of coated and uncoated samples of pine wood after weathering. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy measured the changes in the surface crystallinity of cellulose resulting from weathering, both natural and artificial. Both techniques revealed an increase in the crystallinity index (CI) of cellulose when wood was subjected to weathering. An increase in the size of crystallites was also observed by XRD measurements. These results were related to the reduction of the amorphous fractions of wood, and, consequently, to the enrichment of the relative crystalline content. Thanks to FT-IR analysis, the degradation of hemicellulose was observed for uncoated samples after exposure to artificial weathering. The effect of weathering was less evident on coated samples because of the protective action of the coating. A good correlation between the crystallinity indexes obtained from FT-IR and XRD was found. The experimental results proved that the proposed method may be a very useful tool for a rapid and accurate estimation of the degradation level of wood exposed to weathering. This methodology can find application in the field of conservation and restoration of wooden objects or in the industry of wood coatings.
232 citations
"Characterization of lignocellulosic..." refers background in this paper
...XRD pattern of cellullose samples show two main peaks and a broad amorphous background band (Lionetto et al., 2012)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the roles of processing method and fiber size on the properties of wood-plastic composites were investigated and a better understanding of the relationships between processing method, fiber characteristics, and composite behavior was provided.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to understand the roles of processing method and fiber size on the properties of wood–plastic composites (WPC). Composites were manufactured using extrusion or injection molding (IM) and fibers of different fiber length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio. IM resulted in better mechanical properties and lower water absorption and swelling than extrusion. These differences can be explained by the structure and surface quality of the composites. Fiber L/D ratio had a beneficial effect on mechanical properties but resulted in decreased water absorption characteristics. These results allow identifying a suitable forming process and/or fiber size according to application needs. This study provides a better understanding of the relationships between processing method, fiber characteristics, and composite behavior.
225 citations