Characterization of pure iron and (130 p.p.m.) carbon–iron binary alloy by Barkhausen noise measurements: study of the influence of stress and microstructure
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured and characterized the ferromagnetic noise from high purity iron and 130 p.p.m. carbon-iron alloy in various physical and metallurgical conditions, and analyzed the influence of microstructure in terms of Bloch wall interactions with crystal defects as pinning points, closure domains or dislocation configurations.
About: This article is published in Acta Materialia.The article was published on 1998-09-01. It has received 129 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Barkhausen effect & Cementite.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, a review of magnetic NDT technologies is presented, which includes magnetic flux leakage (MFL), magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), and recently developed metal magnetic memory (MMM).
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of applied tensile stress and grain size on Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and hysteresis loops in 1005 commercial steel is studied, and the results show that MBN can be utilized to evaluate changes in the microstructural and mechanical properties of commercial carbon steels.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of Barkhausen noise on elastic and plastic deformations, achieved in tension and in compression, has been investigated both in Armco iron and a low carbon steel.
Abstract: The dependence of Barkhausen noise on elastic and plastic deformations, achieved in tension and in compression, has been investigated both in Armco iron and a low carbon steel These materials exhibit quite different behaviours, especially with regard to the effect of plastic deformation: a tensile plastic deformation (>1%) induces a marked increase in Barkhausen noise for Armco iron while it induces a steep decrease in the low carbon steel The comparison between the tensile and compressive behaviours, as well as between the elastic and plastic regimes of deformation enables us to attribute these effects to two underlying mechanisms, ie effect of residual internal stresses through magneto-elastic coupling and dislocation–domain wall interaction In Armco iron, the latter mechanism seems to have the strongest influence on the Barkhausen noise, while in the low carbon steel the influence of residual internal stresses prevails
105 citations
30 Aug 1999-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of the Barkhausen noise phenomenon for various crystalline microstructures of plain steels are investigated using the same magnetisation rate for different materials, specially developed to provide fully reproducible experimental conditions.
Abstract: The characteristics of the Barkhausen noise phenomenon are investigated for various crystalline microstructures of plain steels. The measurements of the magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) and of the acoustic Barkhausen noise (ABN) are performed using the same magnetisation rate for different materials, specially developed to provide fully reproducible experimental conditions. The MBN fingerprints of single constituent steels (ferrite, pearlite and martensite) are first studied. Then, examples of MBN characteristics for more complex microstructures are presented. The results concerning single constituent steels are discussed in terms of shape, amplitude and position of the MBN and ABN fingerprints, taking into account two main aspects: the elementary Barkhausen events (sources), linked to the interaction of the magnetic domain microstructure with the crystalline microstructure, and the propagation of the electromagnetic waves in the material as well as its detection at the pick-up coil, both strongly influencing the frequency spectrum of the detected signal. This approach enables us to get a better understanding of the dependency of Barkhausen noise on the crystalline microstructure, which is then used to explain the characteristics of MBN observed for more complex microstructures.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a data-based approach for building a prediction model consisting of feature generation, feature selection and model identification and validation steps is proposed, where a multivariable linear regression models are used in predictions.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to predict residual stress and hardness of a case-hardened steel samples based on the Barkhausen noise measurements. A data-based approach for building a prediction model proposed in the paper consists of feature generation, feature selection and model identification and validation steps. Features are selected with a simple forward-selection algorithm. A multivariable linear regression models are used in predictions. Throughout the selection and identification procedures a cross-validation is used to guarantee that the results are realistic and hold also for future predictions. The obtained prediction models are validated with an external validation data set. Prediction accuracy of the prediction models is good showing that the proposed modelling scheme can be applied to prediction of material properties.
100 citations
References
More filters
1,571 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed analysis of the magnetostriction constants in terms of interatomic forces, including the form effect and the ΔE effect, which is the only secondary effect of any importance.
Abstract: The energy of a ferromagnetic substance comprises three parts, the exchange, anisotropy and magnetostatic (demagnetizing) energies. These all vary with the state of strain of the substance and so it will deform spontaneously if the deformation reduces the total energy (equal to the sum of the magnetic energy and the elastic energy). This phenomenon is known as magnetostriction and the three magnetic energies respectively give rise to the volume magnetostriction, the linear magnetostriction and the form effect. The greater part of this report is taken up with the linear magnetostriction since this is the effect most easily and often observed. The formal theory as developed by Becker and others is given in § 2. § 3 reviews the various attempts to calculate the magnetostriction constants in terms of interatomic forces. The fact that the linear magnetostriction can interact with stress to give rise to an additional anisotropy is discussed in § 6 together with some consequences of this fact. § 7 deals with the volume magnetostriction and related topics which arise from the variation of the exchange energy with interatomic distance. The form effect which arises incidentally in the analysis of volume magnetostriction is treated more fully in § 8. The only secondary effect of any importance, the ΔE effect, is discussed in § 9. The final section describes such topics as magnetic strain analysis and the magnetostriction of ferrites and antiferromagnetics.
427 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a broad review of the physical principles of domain theory and of the crucial experiments which bear directly on the foundations of the subject of ferromagnetic domains.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter presents a study on ferromagnetic domain theory. The chapter presents a broad review of the physical principles of domain theory and of the crucial experiments which bear directly on the foundations of the subject of ferromagnetic domains. The chapter is organized in two stages. There is first an introductory survey, which describes the basic physical concepts of domain theory in general nonmathematical terms. The ideas are then developed in detail. The essential aspects of ferromagnetism are illustrated by the implications of the following experimental fact: It is possible to change the overall magnetization of a suitably prepared ferromagnetic specimen from a n initial value of zero (in the absence of an applied magnetic field) to a saturation value of the order of 1000 gauss, by the application of a field whose strength may be of the order of 0.01 oersted. This fact contains two significant observations: (1) it is possible in some cases to attain saturation magnetization by the application of a very weak magnetic field. (2) It is possible for the magnetization of the same specimen to be zero in zero (or nearly zero) applied field. The chapter discusses that domain structure is a natural consequence of the various contributions to the energy-exchange, anisotropy, and magnetic-of a ferromagnetic body. The chapter presents a discussion on coercive force, hysteresis, and reversible permeability, including reversible permeability and Barkhausen effect.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the aging of Fe-0.014%C and Fe 0.45% Mn 0.017%C alloys was studied in the range 60-200°C, after quenching from 730°C.
115 citations