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Journal ArticleDOI

Characterization of soils developed under tropical environment for land use planning in fringe of Chhotanagpur Plateau in eastern India

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the suitability of the soils developed on various physiography at the foothills of Chhotanagpur Plateau to characterize, classify and evaluate their suitability for existing crops.
Abstract: Soils developed on various physiography at the foothills of Chhotanagpur Plateau were studied to characterize, classify and evaluate their suitability for existing crops. The soils in general were moderately deep (78 cm) to deep (120 cm), well drained to poorly drained, greyish in colour (hue 7.5 YR to 2.5Y) with redoximorphic features, loam to clay loam in surface texture, slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.3 – 6.7) in reaction with low content of organic carbon. These soils are classified as Udic Haplustalfs, Udic Paleustalfs and Typic Endoaqualfs. The major limitations of these soils were slight to moderate erosion and low soil fertility in terms of organic carbon. Soil-site suitability evaluation revealed that in general, existing crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) were only moderately to marginally suitable. Maize (Zea mays L.), Bengal gram (Cicer ...
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TL;DR: The United States participated at the World Food Summit: Five Years Later meeting held at FAO headquarters June 10-13, 2002, to discuss progress towards attaining the 1996 World Food summit target of reducing the world’s number of hungry and malnourished by half by 2015 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), established in 1945, is a UN specialized agency that provides global data and expertise on agri­ culture and nutrition, fisheries, forestry, and other food and agriculture– related issues. FAO is the UN system’s largest autonomous agency, with headquarters in Rome, 78 country offices and 15 regional, sub–regional, and liaison offices, including one located in Washington, D.C. FAO’s highest policy–making body, the biennial General Conference, comprises all 183 FAO member countries plus the European Commission. The General Conference determines FAO policy and approves FAO’s reg­ ular program of work and budget. The 31st Conference, meeting in November 1999, re–elected Director–General Jacques Diouf (Senegal) to a second six–year term through December 2005. Each biennial Confer­ ence elects a 49–member Council that meets semi–annually to make rec­ ommendations to the General Conference on budget and policy issues. The North America region, which comprises the United States and Can­ ada, is allocated two seats on the Council and one seat each on FAO’s Program, Finance, and Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM) Com­ mittees. The United States holds the North American seats on the Finance and Joint Staff Pension Committees through December 2003. Canada holds the North American seat on the CCLM and Program Committees through December 2003. The United States participated at the World Food Summit: Five Years Later meeting held at FAO headquarters June 10–13, 2002, to discuss progress towards attaining the 1996 World Food Summit target of reduc­ ing the world’s number of hungry and malnourished by half by 2015. The United States presented new initiatives to improve agriculture productivity as a significant contribution toward meeting that goal. U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman, leading the U.S. delegation, joined other min­ isters and heads of state and government in adopting a Declaration, “The International Alliance Against Hunger,” which reiterated the goals of the 1996 World Food Summit and stated, inter alia, “we are committed to

683 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

399 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1940-Nature
TL;DR: The Geology of India by D. N. Wadia as discussed by the authors has been brought up to date by the addition of recent advances in Indian geology and a new geological map is an added attraction.
Abstract: THIS book, which from its first appearance has been the standard text-book of Indian students, has now been brought up to date by the addition of recent advances in Indian geology. The new geological map is an added attraction. Geology of India By D. N. Wadia. Second edition. Pp. xx + 460 + 20 plates. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1939.) 24s. net.

200 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, seven pedons occurring on five geomorphic surfaces of granitic landscape in a part of Vedavathi river basin (summits, side slopes, pediplains, pediments and valley floors) were studied in order to evaluate the pattern and variability of soils in terms of morphology and chemical and granulometric characteristics.
Abstract: The soils on granitic hilly landscapes of southern Karanataka plateau have displayed varying degrees of pedogenesis with argillic/natric/cambic and slickensided horizons. Seven pedons occurring on five geomorphic surfaces of granitic landscape in a part of Vedavathi river basin (summits, side slopes, pediplains, pediments and valley floors) were studied in order to evaluate the pattern and variability of soils in terms of morphology and chemical and granulometric characteristics. The field morphology showed that these soils have dark brown to red clay-rich subsoils on pediment surfaces, but moving down to the slopes of valley floors, salts and carbonates have accumulated. Texturally, the A horizons have loamy sand to sandy loam but have sandy clay loam to sandy clay in argillic B horizons (P1, P4 to P7) and sandy clay to clay in Bhagirathekere (P2) and Shidahlaihankote soils (P3). The lithological discontinuities in P1/P2/P5 were confirmed with irregular distribution of sand to silt ratio and negative sign of uniformity value (> ± 0.6). The results of ANOVA showed significant difference between soils for total silt (F=6.07), for very fine sand (F=7.2) and for total sand (F=6.41). The sediments are mainly fine sand, well to moderately well sorted, positively skewed and meso- to platykurtic in nature due to low-energy sheltered environment. These soils are slightly to moderately alkaline with significant variation in organic carbon (<0.5%), calcium carbonate and cation exchange capacity of argillic horizons with significant gains of clay. The soils on basin floors P1 and P2 have exchangeable sodium more than 15 in subsoils suggesting development of sodicity. The qualifiers such as cutanic (P4/P5/P6) and lamellic (P5) in some argillic horizons and natric horizon in P1 as solonetz indicating sodic conditions under WRB show an advantage over USDA soil taxonomy. Classifying colluvial soils is important in semiarid regions of India to map these units for future correlation activity. The study revealed the difficulties in assigning soil age using clay index under granitic landscapes having different geomorphic surfaces with limited data set.
References
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Book
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The U.S. Soil Taxonomy as discussed by the authors is a taxonomy of the topology of the United States of America with a focus on the characteristics of the soil and its properties.
Abstract: Authors vii Preface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Second Edition x Preface to the Third Edition xi Preface to the Fourth Edition xiii Preface to the Fifth Edition xiv Preface to the Sixth Edition xv 1. Introduction 3 2. Morphology and Composition of Soils 35 3. Soil-forming Factors: Soil as a Component of Ecosystems 89 4. Soil Materials and Weathering 141 5. Soil-forming Processes 163 6. Modern Soil Classification Systems 181 7. U.S. Soil Taxonomy 207 8. Alfisols: High Base Status Soils with Finer-textured Subsoil Horizons 233 9. Andisols: Soils with Andic Soil Properties 249 10. Aridisols: Soils of Dry Regions 265 11. Entisols: Recently Formed Soils 283 12. Gelisols: Very Cold Soils 293 13. Histosols: Organic Soils 307 14. Inceptisols: Embryonic Soils with Few Diagnostic Features 321 15. Mollisols: Grassland Soils of Steppes and Prairies 331 16. Oxisols: Low Activity Soils 349 17. Spodosols: Soils with Subsoil Accumulations of Humus and Sesquioxides 361 18. Ultisols: Low Base Status Soils with Finer-textured Subsoil Horizons 375 19. Vertisols: Shrinking and Swelling Dark Clay Soils 385 20. Spatial Arrangement of Soils: Soilscapes and Map Units 397 21. Interpretations of Soil Surveys and Technical Soil Classification 425 Bibliography 437 Index 531 Color plate section located between pages 232 and 233

1,444 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The United States participated at the World Food Summit: Five Years Later meeting held at FAO headquarters June 10-13, 2002, to discuss progress towards attaining the 1996 World Food summit target of reducing the world’s number of hungry and malnourished by half by 2015 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), established in 1945, is a UN specialized agency that provides global data and expertise on agri­ culture and nutrition, fisheries, forestry, and other food and agriculture– related issues. FAO is the UN system’s largest autonomous agency, with headquarters in Rome, 78 country offices and 15 regional, sub–regional, and liaison offices, including one located in Washington, D.C. FAO’s highest policy–making body, the biennial General Conference, comprises all 183 FAO member countries plus the European Commission. The General Conference determines FAO policy and approves FAO’s reg­ ular program of work and budget. The 31st Conference, meeting in November 1999, re–elected Director–General Jacques Diouf (Senegal) to a second six–year term through December 2005. Each biennial Confer­ ence elects a 49–member Council that meets semi–annually to make rec­ ommendations to the General Conference on budget and policy issues. The North America region, which comprises the United States and Can­ ada, is allocated two seats on the Council and one seat each on FAO’s Program, Finance, and Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM) Com­ mittees. The United States holds the North American seats on the Finance and Joint Staff Pension Committees through December 2003. Canada holds the North American seat on the CCLM and Program Committees through December 2003. The United States participated at the World Food Summit: Five Years Later meeting held at FAO headquarters June 10–13, 2002, to discuss progress towards attaining the 1996 World Food Summit target of reduc­ ing the world’s number of hungry and malnourished by half by 2015. The United States presented new initiatives to improve agriculture productivity as a significant contribution toward meeting that goal. U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman, leading the U.S. delegation, joined other min­ isters and heads of state and government in adopting a Declaration, “The International Alliance Against Hunger,” which reiterated the goals of the 1996 World Food Summit and stated, inter alia, “we are committed to

683 citations

Book
01 Jan 1957

572 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

399 citations


"Characterization of soils developed..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The area qualifies for hyperthermic temperature regime with a mean annual temperature greater than 228C and the difference between mean summer and winter temperature being greater than 58C (Buol et al. 1998)....

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  • ...The soil moisture control section is dry for more than 45 consecutive days in four months following summer solstice, hence qualifying for ‘ustic’ soil moisture regime (Buol et al. 1998) with 180 – 210 days of growing period....

    [...]