Charge resolution of plastic track detectors used to identify relativistic nuclei
01 Feb 1985-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms (Elsevier)-Vol. 6, Iss: 3, pp 504-512
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present measurements of charge resolution in the plastic track detectors CR39(DOP) and Tuffak polycarbonate over the region 10≤ Z β ≤105, determined from plastic stacks exposed to projectile fragments of 1.29 GeV u 139La, 1.45 GV u 84Kr, and 1.70 Gv u 56Fe produced by nuclear interactions within the stacks.
Abstract: We present measurements of charge resolution in the plastic track detectors CR39(DOP) and Tuffak polycarbonate over the region 10≤ Z β ≤105 , determined from plastic stacks exposed to projectile fragments of 1.29 GeV u 139La, 1.45 GeV u 84Kr, and 1.70 GeV u 56Fe produced by nuclear interactions within the stacks, and to 0.96 GeV u 238U and 1.0 GeV u 197Au ions. The charge resolution obtained is shown to be comparable to the irreducible limit set by fluctuations in energy loss and is consistent with that expected of a track-formation model based on the effects of both K-shell ionization and restricted energy loss.
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) are described, including detector materials (crystals, glasses, and polymers), recordable particles (protons, α-particles, fission fragments, heavy ions, neutrons, and exotic particles), track formation mechanisms, track etching, particle identification, and track measuring instruments.
Abstract: Part 1 describes the elements of solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) including detector materials (crystals, glasses, and polymers), recordable particles (protons, α-particles, fission fragments, heavy ions, neutrons, and exotic particles), track formation mechanisms, track etching, particle identification, and track measuring instruments. Part 2 describes applications in nuclear physics, astrophysics, cosmic-ray physics, fission track dating and geothermal chronology, medical science, radiation dosimetry, Rn monitoring, environmental sciences, and nanotechnology. Attention is paid to the newly emerged fields: laser acceleration, laser inertial-confinement fusion, nuclear forensics, and safeguards. The internal structure in this chapter is closely linked between materials, particles, and applications; when describing one of these, the other two are introduced. The above structure of this chapter was organized for the benefit of the reader by providing the current principles and techniques together with the broad research fields of application of SSNTDs. Numerous detector parameters and applications are provided. Essential literature references are provided for detailed information on breakthroughs and recent advances.
63 citations
01 Jan 1986-International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the time dependence of the track response of Bristol CR-39 to alpha-particles and found that it is the plastic which fades and not the latent tracks.
33 citations
TL;DR: The cross section for charge pickup by /similar to/GeV/nucleon projectiles is generally given to within a factor of 2 by the expression sigma/sub ..delta..//sub Z//sub //sub = //sub +1/ = 1.7 x 10/sup -4/ ..gamma../sub P//sub T/A/ sub P//sup 2/ (in mb).
Abstract: We have measured cross sections for inclusive reactions in which 1.7 GeV/N /sup 56/Fe, 1.46 GeV/N /sup 84/Kr, 1.28 GeV/N /sup 139/La, and 0.8 GeV/N /sup 197/Au increased in charge by one unit. Combining these results with data on charge pickup by /sup 12/C, /sup 18/O, and /sup 20/Ne projectiles, we find that the cross section for charge pickup by /similar to/GeV/nucleon projectiles is generally given to within a factor of 2 by the expression sigma/sub ..delta..//sub Z//sub //sub = //sub +1/ = 1.7 x 10/sup -4/ ..gamma../sub P//sub T/A/sub P//sup 2/ (in mb), where ..gamma../sub P//sub T/ = A/sub P//sup 1/3/ +A/sub T//sup 1/3/-1.0. This expression, with roles of projectile and target interchanged, equally well fits cross sections for (p,xn) reactions at GeV energies when summed over x. The factor ..gamma../sub P//sub T/ implies peripheral collisions; the dependence on A/sub P//sup 2/ is the steepest ever reported for a nuclear process.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results from a search for highly ionizing and magnetically charged particles at the OPAL intersection point at the LEP e + e − storage ring were reported, and the search was sensitive to Dirac monopoles with magnetic charge in the range 0.9 g D g g D, where 68.5 e ≡ g D.
26 citations
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References
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TL;DR: The theory of energy loss, the mean excitation energy, inner shell corrections, energy straggling, multiple scattering effects, and phenomena associated with particle tracks are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: The theory of energy loss, the mean excitation energy, inner shell corrections, energy straggling, multiple scattering effects, and phenomena associated with particle tracks are discussed. Protons, alpha particles, and mesons were chosen because of their penetration dependence on material stopping power. 145 references. (R.E.U.)
756 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the theory of the electromagnetic interactions between rapidly moving charged particles and the matter through which they pass is reviewed and the stopping power of the projectile and the response of the absorbing medium to the excitation caused by the projectile is considered.
Abstract: We review the theory of the electromagnetic interactions between rapidly moving charged particles and the matter through which they pass. The emphasis will be on very massive electric ($\ensuremath{-}100\ensuremath{\le}{Z}_{1}100$) and magnetic ($|g|=137e \mathrm{and} \frac{137e}{2}$) particles moving with relativistic velocities ($\ensuremath{\beta}g0.2$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}l100$). Consideration will be given to both the stopping power of the projectile and to the response of the absorbing medium to the excitation caused by the projectile.
502 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the nuclear temperature is inferred from the momentum distributions of the fragments and is approximately equal to the projectile nuclear binding energy, indicative of small energy transfer between target and fragment, and the fragment momentum distributions in the projectile rest frame are typically, Gaussian shaped, narrow, consistent with isotropy, depend on fragment and projectile, and have no significant correlation with target mass or beam energy.
Abstract: The fragment momentum distributions in the projectile rest frame are, typically, Gaussian shaped, narrow, consistent with isotropy, depend on fragment and projectile, and have no significant correlation with target mass or beam energy. The nuclear temperature is inferred from the momentum distributions of the fragments and is approximately equal to the projectile nuclear binding energy, indicative of small energy transfer between target and fragment.
278 citations