Charge symmetry, quarks and mesons
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the data and theory relevant to understand charge symmetry breaking in hadronic mass spittings, interactions and decay rates; nucleon-nucleon interactions; nuclear reactions; and binding energies of mirror nuclei.
About: This article is published in Physics Reports.The article was published on 1990-10-01. It has received 334 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Quark & Hadron.
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TL;DR: In this article, the nuclear forces can be derived using effective chiral Lagrangians consistent with the symmetries of QCD, and the status of the calculations for two and three nucleon forces and their applications in few-nucleon systems are reviewed.
Abstract: Nuclear forces can be systematically derived using effective chiral Lagrangians consistent with the symmetries of QCD. I review the status of the calculations for two- and three-nucleon forces and their applications in few-nucleon systems. I also address issues like the quark mass dependence of the nuclear forces and resonance saturation for four-nucleon operators.
1,455 citations
Abstract: We review how nuclear forces emerge from low-energy QCD via chiral effective field theory. The presentation is accessible to the non-specialist. At the same time, we also provide considerable detailed information (mostly in appendices) for the benefit of researchers who wish to start working in this field.
883 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the nuclear forces emerge from low-energy QCD via chiral eective theory, and the authors provide considerable detailed information for the benet of researchers who wish to start working in this field.
878 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, effective field theories (EFTs) for few-nucleon systems are reviewed, where certain (leading-order) interactions are summed to all orders.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract We review the effective field theories (EFTs) developed for few-nucleon systems. These EFTs are controlled expansions in momenta, where certain (leading-order) interactions are summed to all orders. At low energies, an EFT with only contact interactions allows a detailed analysis of renormalization in a nonperturbative context and uncovers novel asymptotic behavior. Manifestly model-independent calculations can be carried out to high orders, leading to high precision. At higher energies, an EFT that includes pion fields justifies and extends the traditional framework of phenomenological potentials. The correct treatment of QCD symmetries ensures a connection with lattice QCD. Several tests and prospects of these EFTs are discussed.
628 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the two-nucleon system at N 3 LO was considered and the spectral function regularization for the multi-pion exchanges was employed to show that the three pion exchange contribution is negligibly small.
560 citations
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TL;DR: The three quark system is studied in a relativized version of the quark potential model with chromodynamics and the spectrum of baryons is described with parameters consistent with those of an analogous study of meson spectroscopy.
Abstract: We have studied the three quark system in a relativized version of the quark potential model with chromodynamics. With parameters consistent with those of an analogous study of meson spectroscopy we obtain a successful description of the spectrum of baryons. The model naturally explains the apparent absence of spin‐orbit interactions in baryons.
2,203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the implications for hadron spectroscopy of the "standard" gauge model of weak, electromagnetic, and strong interactions, and use the asymptotic freedom of the model to argue that for the calculation of hadron masses, the short-range quark-quark interaction may be Coulomblike.
Abstract: We explore the implications for hadron spectroscopy of the "standard" gauge model of weak, electromagnetic, and strong interactions. The model involves four types of fractionally charged quarks, each in three colors, coupling to massless gauge gluons. The quarks are confined within colorless hadrons by a long-range spin-independent force realizing infrared slavery. We use the asymptotic freedom of the model to argue that for the calculation of hadron masses, the short-range quark-quark interaction may be taken to be Coulomb-like. We rederive many successful quark-model mass relations for the low-lying hadrons. Because a specific interaction and symmetry-breaking mechanism are forced on us by the underlying renormalizable gauge field theory, we also obtain new mass relations. They are well satisfied. We develop a qualitative understanding of many features of the hadron mass spectrum, such as the origin and sign of the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ mass splitting. Interpreting the newly discovered narrow boson resonances as states of charmonium, we use the model to predict the masses of charmed mesons and baryons.
1,144 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this chapter is to review this “traditional” approach in the area of nuclear forces and their applications to nuclear structure.
Abstract: Nowadays it has become customary in nuclear physics to denote by “tradition” the approach that considers nucleons and mesons as the relevant degrees of freedom. It is the purpose of this chapter to review this “traditional” approach in the area of nuclear forces and their applications to nuclear structure.
1,049 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed study of the influence of the force parameters on the binding energies, charge densities, radii and single-particle energies of magic nuclei is made.
953 citations
CERN1
TL;DR: Using the data on deep inelastic muon scattering on iron and deuterium, the ratio of the nucleon structure functions F 2 N ( Fe )/F 2 N( D ) is presented in this paper.
858 citations