Charge transport processes in polypyrrole nanoscale composites
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical conductivity of polypyrrole molecular composites was investigated by in situ deposition in poly(ethylene oxide) complexes with copper chloride blended with polystyrene.
About: This article is published in Synthetic Metals.The article was published on 1996-05-30. It has received 27 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polypyrrole & Nanostructure.
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TL;DR: In this article, the structure development and crystallization behavior of polypropylene (PP) containing nanoparticles of calcium phosphate prepared by a new route based on matrix mediated control of growth and morphology was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and DSC techniques.
195 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high piezoresistive conducting polyaniline-titanium oxide (PANI/TiO2) composites have been synthesized by ''in situ'' deposition technique by placing the fine grade powder (average particle size of approximately 100 nm) of anatase TiO2 in the polymerization reaction mixture of aniline.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, conductive thin films of ferric chloride doped polypyrrole (PPy) were obtained by in situ vapor-phase polymerization method under ambient conditions.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a third conducting component on the electrical resistance of high-temperature thermoplastic-graphite composites is studied, and the results show that a low resistance of the order of 0.1 Ω can be obtained even for a graphite concentration of 50% by addition of the third component.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the carbon monoxide (CO)-sensitive polypyrrole (PPy) was modified with ferrocene (Fc) by direct incorporation during polymerization so as to increase its sensitivity for CO gas sensor applications.
Abstract: Polypyrrole (PPy) was modified with ferrocene (Fc) by direct incorporation during polymerization so as to increase its sensitivity for carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor applications. Synthesis was carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization in the presence of ferrocene using ferric chloride. The presence of these species in PPy was confirmed by different characterization techniques. The CO response measurements were carried out for the sensors fabricated in a surface cell mode with active PPy + Fc films by exposing to CO gas (300 ppm) at room temperature and it was found that the response as well as the recovery characteristics of these materials is very fast and dependent on the film composition. The response factor was found to be maximum for a 1.32 mol% Fc content in the polymer. These various results can be explained on the basis of interaction of CO molecules with Fe atoms of the ferrocene together with charge transfer interaction with the PPy chain.
72 citations
References
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01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the theory and properties of conjugated polymers, including transport, optical, and self-assembly properties of poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-polymers.
Abstract: Volume 1: Conjugated Polymers: Theory, Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization PART 1: THEORY OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS On the Transport, Optical, and Self-Assembly Properties of -Conjugated Materials: A Combined Theoretical/Experimental Insight D. Beljonne, J. Cornil, V. Coropceanu, D.A. da Silva Filho, V. Geskin, R. Lazzaroni, P. Leclere, and J.-L. Bredas Theoretical Studies of Electron-Lattice Dynamics in Organic Systems S. Stafstroem PART 2: SYNTHESIS AND CLASSES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Helical Polyacetylene Synthesized in Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals K. Akagi Synthesis and Properties of Poly(arylene vinylene)s A.C. Grimsdale and A.B. Holmes Blue-Emitting Poly(para-Phenylene)-Type Polymers E.J.W. List and U. Scherf Poly(paraPhenyleneethynylene)s and Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Materials with a Bright Future U.H.F. Bunz Polyaniline Nanofibers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications J. Huang and R.B. Kaner Recent Advances in Polypyrrole S.H. Cho, K.T. Song, and J.Y. Lee Regioregular Polythiophenes M. Jeffries-El and R.D. McCullough Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Scientific Importance, Remarkable Properties, and Applications S. Kirchmeyer, K. Reuter, and J.C. Simpson Thienothiophenes: From Monomers to Polymers G.A. Sotzing, V. Seshadri, and F.J. Waller Low Bandgap Conducting Polymers S.C. Rasmussen and M. Pomerantz Advanced Functional Polythiophenes Based on Tailored Precursors P. Blanchard, P. Leriche, P. Frere, and J. Roncali Structure-Property Relationships and Applications of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes K.S. Schanze and X. Zhao PART 3: PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Insulator-Metal Transition and Metallic State in Conducting Polymers A.J. Epstein One-Dimensional Charge Transport in Conducting Polymer Nanofibers A.N. Aleshin and Y.W. Park Structure Studies of - and - Conjugated Polymers M.J. Winokur Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers P. Audebert and F. Miomandre Internal Fields and Electrode Interfaces in Organic Semiconductor Devices: Noninvasive Investigations via Electroabsorption T.M. Brown and F. Cacialli Electrochromism of Conjugated Conducting Polymers A.L. Dyer and J.R. Reynolds Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Conjugated Polymers M.P. de Jong, G. Greczyniski, W. Osikowicz, R. Friedlein, X. Crispin, M. Fahlman, and W.R. Salaneck Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics and Laser Action in -ConjugatedSemiconductors Z. Valy Vardeny and O. Korovyanko Volume 2: Conjugated Polymers: Processing and Applications PART 1: PROCESSING OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Conductive Polymers as Organic Nanometals B. Wessling Conducting Polymer Fiber Production and Applications I.D. Norris and B.R. Mattes Inkjet Printing and Patterning of PEDOT-PSS: Application to Optoelectronic Devices Y. Yoshioka and G.E. Jabbour Printing Organic Electronics on Flexible Substrates N.D. Robinson and M. Berggren PART 2: APPLICATIONS AND DEVICES BASED ON CONJUGATED POLYMERS Polymers for Use in Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes: Structure-Property Relationships H. Christian-Pandya, S. Vaidyanathan, and M. Galvin Organic Electro-Optic Materials L.R. Dalton Conjugated Polymer Electronics-Engineering Materials and Devices N. Tessler, J. Veres, O. Globerman, N. Rappaport, Y. Preezant, Y. Roichman, O. Solomesch, S. Tal, E. Gershman, M. Adler, V. Zolotarev, V. Gorelik, and Y. Eichen Electrical Bistable Polymer Films and Their Applications in Memory Devices J. Ouyang, C.-W. Chu, R.J. Tseng, A. Prakash, and Y. Yang Electroactive Polymers for Batteries and Supercapacitors J.A. Irvin, D.J. Irvin, and J.D. Stenger-Smith Conjugated Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices A.J. Mozer and N.S. Sariciftci Biomedical Applications of Inherently Conducting Polymers (ICPs),P.C. Innis, S.E. Moulton, and G.G. Wallace Biosensors Based on Conducting Electroactive Polymers S. Brahim, A.M. Wilson, and A. Guiseppi-Elie Optical Biosensors Based on Conjugated Polymers K. Peter, R. Nilsson, and O. Inganas Conjugated Polymers for Microelectromechanical and Other Microdevices G.M. Spinks and E. Smela Corrosion Protection Using Conducting Polymers D.E. Tallman and G.P. Bierwagen Artificial Muscles T.F. Otero
5,843 citations
TL;DR: A field-effect transistor has been fabricated from polymer materials by printing techniques, which shows high current output, and opens the way for large-area, low-cost plastic electronics.
Abstract: A field-effect transistor has been fabricated from polymer materials by printing techniques. The device characteristics, which show high current output, are insensitive to mechanical treatments such as bending or twisting. This all-organic flexible device, realized with mild techniques, opens the way for large-area, low-cost plastic electronics.
1,469 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, electrical and electrochemical properties of ion conducting polymers are discussed. But they do not consider the properties of polymers with polymer electrolytes, as they do in this paper.
Abstract: Preface. Electrical and electrochemical properties of ion conducting polymers. Electrical and electrochemical properties of electronically conducting polymers. Highly-conductive polymer electrolytes. Solvation mechanisms in low molecular weight polyethers. Lithium batteries with polymer electrodes. Lithium polymer batteries. Electrochromic devices. Laminated electrochromic displays and windows. Functionalized conductive polymer membranes/films. Electroactive polymers in chemical sensors.
824 citations
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Theoretical concepts, models and methods for conjugated polymers have been discussed in this paper, with a focus on the properties of conjugate polymers and their properties.
Abstract: 1. Introduction.- References.- 2. An Overview of the Theory of ?-Conjugated Polymers.- 2.1 Synopsis.- 2.2 Theoretical Concepts, Models and Methods.- 2.2.1 The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation.- 2.2.2 Ab Initio Calculations.- 2.2.3 Model Hamiltonians.- 2.3 The Huckel and SSH Models: Independent-Electron Theories.- 2.3.1 From Polyethylene to Polyacetylene.- 2.3.2 Bond Alternation.- 2.3.3 The Strength of the Electron-Phonon Coupling.- 2.3.4 Stability of the Dimerized State and the Phonon Spectrum.- 2.3.5 Spatially Localized Nonlinear Excitations: Solitons, Polarons and Bipolarons.- 2.3.6 Predictions of the Model.- 2.4 Hubbard Model: A Paradigm for Correlated Electron Theories.- 2.4.1 Ground State and Excitation Spectrum.- 2.4.2 Correlation Functions.- 2.4.3 Relevance for Conjugated Polymers.- 2.5 The One-Dimensional Peierls-Hubbard Model.- 2.5.1 The Model Hamiltonian and its Parameters.- 2.5.2 Methods.- 2.6 The Combined Effects of Electron-Phonon and Electron-Electron Interactions: Theory and Experiment.- 2.6.1 Ground State.- 2.6.2 Electronic Excitations and Excited States.- 2.6.3 Vibrational Excitation: Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy.- 2.7 Beyond Simple Models: Discussion and Conclusions.- 2.7.1 Effects of Disorder.- 2.7.2 Interchain Coupling and Three-Dimensional Effects.- 2.7.3 Lattice Quantum Fluctuations.- 2.7.4 Doping Effects and the Semiconductor-Metal Transition.- 2.7.5 Transport.- 2.7.6 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3. Charge Transport in Polymers.- 3.1 Models for the Insulating and Semiconducting States.- 3.1.1 The Electronic Ground State.- 3.1.2 The Nature of the Charge Carriers.- 3.1.3 Disorder Along the Chains.- 3.1.4 Low and Intermediate Doping.- 3.2 Models for Transport Processes.- 3.2.1 Conduction in Extended States.- 3.2.2 Conduction in Localized States.- 3.2.3 Transport in One Dimension.- 3.2.4 Transport by Quasi-Particles.- 3.3 Experiments in the Insulating and Semiconducting State.- 3.3.1 Polyacetylene.- 3.3.2 Other Polymers.- 3.4 The Semiconductor-Metal Transition and the Metallic State.- 3.4.1 Models for the Highly Doped State.- 3.4.2 Experiments in the Highly Doped State.- 3.5 Summary.- References.- 4. Optical Properties of Conducting Polymers.- 4.1 Elementary Considerations.- 4.2 Dielectric Response Function and Band Structure.- 4.3 Band Gap and Band Structures of Undoped Conjugated Polymers.- 4.3.1 Results of Band Structure Calculations.- 4.3.2 Experimental Results.- 4.4 Photon-Phonon Interaction.- 4.4.1 General Remarks.- 4.4.2 Calculations of Vibrational Spectra of Polymers.- 4.4.3 Experimental Results.- 4.5 The Study of Elementary Excitations in Conjugated Polymers.- 4.5.1 General Considerations.- 4.5.2 The Electronic States of the Quasi-Particles.- 4.5.3 The Vibrational State of the Quasi-Particles.- 4.5.4 Experimental Results.- 4.6 Highly Conducting Conjugated Polymers.- 4.6.1 General Considerations.- 4.6.2 The Highly Conducting Phase of Trans-Polyacetylene.- 4.6.3 Polyacetylene: Experimental Results.- 4.6.4 Highly Conducting Polymers with Nondegenerate Ground State.- 4.6.5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5. Magnetic Properties of Conjugated Polymers.- 5.1 General Aspects of Magnetic Properties and Resonance Techniques.- 5.1.1 Susceptibility.- 5.1.2 Lineshapes, Linewidths and Lineshifts.- 5.1.3 Spin Relaxation (T1,T2,T1p).- 5.1.4 Double Resonance Techniques.- 5.1.5 High-Resolution NMR.- 5.2 Structure and Lattice Dynamics of Conjugated Polymers in the Non-Conducting Phase.- 5.2.1 Lattice Structure Determination from Dipole-Dipole Interactions.- 5.2.2 Bond Length Determination from Dipole-Dipole Interactions.- 5.2.3 Chemical Shift Tensor.- 5.3 Spin Dynamics of Conjugated Defects in the Non-Conducting Phase.- 5.3.1 ESR and ENDOR Lineshapes.- 5.3.2 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization.- 5.3.3 Nuclear Spin Lattice Relaxation.- 5.3.4 Electron Spin Relaxation.- 5.3.5 Light-Induced ESR.- 5.4 Magnetic Properties of Conjugated Polymers in the Conducting Phase.- 5.4.1 Susceptibility.- 5.4.2 ESR Lineshapes and Linewidths.- 5.4.3 NMR Results.- 5.5 Magnetic Properties of Polydiacetylenes (PDA).- 5.5.1 Structure.- 5.5.2 Solid-State Polymerization.- 5.5.3 Quasi-Particle Excitation.- 5.6 Other Conjugated Polymers.- 5.7 Conclusions and Remarks.- References.
382 citations