Chemical and Fuel Production by Anaerobic Bacteria
01 Jan 1980-Annual Review of Microbiology (Annual Reviews 4139 El Camino Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139, USA)-Vol. 34, Iss: 1, pp 423-464
TL;DR: A chronology of key events and events in the history of the United States, as well as some of the key stories and anecdotes, are presented.
Abstract: Historical ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outlook . . . . . .. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUBSTRATE-PRODUCT RELATIONSHIPS. .. ..
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TL;DR: Steam pretreatment, lime pret treatment, liquid hot water pretreatments and ammonia based Pretreatments are concluded to be pretreatment with high potentials, providing an improved accessibility of the cellulose for hydrolytic enzymes.
3,618 citations
Cites background from "Chemical and Fuel Production by Ana..."
...Thermophilic conditions decrease the risk on infection (Payton, 1984; Wiegel, 1980), and could create the possibility of continuous distillation (Payton, 1984; Zeikus, 1980; Wiegel, 1980)....
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TL;DR: Histoire-substrats-biochimie and physiologie, facteurs favorisant le passage de the production d'acides a la production de solvents a la phase of production de Solvents, andrology and physiology, et developpement du procede.
1,920 citations
TL;DR: Improvement of the fermentation process is just one of several factor that needs to be fully optimized and integrated to generate a competitive lignocellulose ethanol plant.
Abstract: With industrial development growing rapidly, there is a need for environmentally sustainable energy sources. Bioethanol (ethanol from biomass) is an attractive, sustainable energy source to fuel transportation. Based on the premise that fuel bioethanol can contribute to a cleaner environment and with the implementation of environmental protection laws in many countries, demand for this fuel is increasing. Efficient ethanol production processes and cheap substrates are needed. Current ethanol production processes using crops such as sugar cane and corn are well-established; however, utilization of a cheaper substrate such as lignocellulose could make bioethanol more competitive with fossil fuel. The processing and utilization of this substrate is complex, differing in many aspects from crop-based ethanol production. One important requirement is an efficient microorganism able to ferment a variety of sugars (pentoses, and hexoses) as well as to tolerate stress conditions. Through metabolic engineering, bacterial and yeast strains have been constructed which feature traits that are advantageous for ethanol production using lignocellulose sugars. After several rounds of modification/evaluation/modification, three main microbial platforms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, and Escherichia coli, have emerged and they have performed well in pilot studies. While there are ongoing efforts to further enhance their properties, improvement of the fermentation process is just one of several factors-that needs to be fully optimized and integrated to generate a competitive lignocellulose ethanol plant.
991 citations
TL;DR: Succinic acid, derived from fermentation of agricultural carbohydrates, has a specialty chemical market in industries producing food and pharmaceutical products, surfactants and detergents, green solvents and biodegradable plastics, and ingredients to stimulate animal and plant growth.
Abstract: Succinic acid, derived from fermentation of agricultural carbohydrates, has a specialty chemical market in industries producing food and pharmaceutical products, surfactants and detergents, green solvents and biodegradable plastics, and ingredients to stimulate animal and plant growth As a carbon-intermediate chemical, fermentation-derived succinate has the potential to supply over 27 × 108 kg industrial products/year including: 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone, adipic acid, n-methylpyrrolidone and linear aliphatic esters Succinate yields as high as 110 g/l have been achieved from glucose by the newly discovered rumen organism Actinobacillus succinogenes Succinate fermentation is a novel process because the greenhouse gas CO2 is fixed into succinate during glucose fermentation New developments in end-product recovery technology, including water-splitting electrodialysis and liquid/liquid extraction have lowered the cost of succinic acid production to US $ 055/kg at the 75 000 tonne/year level and to $ 220/kg at the 5000 tonne/year level Research directions aimed at further improving the succinate fermentation economics are discussed
965 citations
Cites background from "Chemical and Fuel Production by Ana..."
...The industrial potential for succinic acid fermentations was recognized as early as 1980 (Zeikus 1980)....
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TL;DR: Recent advances and developments in catalytic transformations of the carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic biomass to IPCs (i.e., ethanol, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, isoprene, succinic and levulinic acids, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) are overviewed.
Abstract: The replacement of fossil resources that currently provide more than 90% of our energy needs and feedstocks of the chemical industry in combination with reduced emission of carbon dioxide is one of the most pressing challenges of mankind. Biomass as a globally available resource has been proposed as an alternative feedstock for production of basic building blocks, which could partially or even fully replace the currently utilized fossil-based ones in well-established chemical processes. The destruction of lignocellulosic feed followed by oxygen removal from its cellulose and hemicellulose content by catalytic processes results in the formation of initial platform chemicals (IPCs). However, their sustainable production strongly depends on the availability of resources, their efficient or even industrially viable conversion processes, and replenishment time of feedstocks. Herein, we overview recent advances and developments in catalytic transformations of the carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic biomass ...
784 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1960
TL;DR: The bacteria: a treatise on structure and function as mentioned in this paper, The bacteria: A Treatise on Structure and Function of Bacteria: a Treatise On Bacterial Structure And Function
Abstract: The bacteria: a treatise on structure and function , The bacteria: a treatise on structure and function , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
217 citations
01 Jan 1962
44 citations