Chemical and physical transformations of organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of open biomass burning emissions in an environmental chamber
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...…g/cm3 for temperate forest fire; Levin et al. (2010) calculated bulk densities of various BB aerosol from chemical compositions to be 1.2–1.9 g/cm3; Hennigan et al. (2011) assumed smoke aerosol density to be 1.3 g/cm3 throughout photo-oxidation process; while Li et al. (2015, 2016a) reported…...
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...The aging of emissions from open biomass combustion yielded OA enhancement ratios ranging from 0.7 to 2.9, depending on fuel type and burn conditions (Hennigan et al., 2011; Ortega et al., 2013)....
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...Residential wood burning and wildfires are also significant sources of SOA precursors (e.g. Grieshop et al., 2009; Hennigan et al., 2011)....
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...Results from laboratory studies of the aging of open BB emissions mirror these findings, demonstrating a wide range of measured net OA production depending on, among other factors, the fuel and burning conditions (Hennigan et al., 2011; Ortega et al., 2010)....
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...…with two different experimental setups also resulted in a highly variable net OA enhancement, depending (among other parameters) on fuel type and burn conditions (Hennigan et al., 2011; Ortega, 2010), which appears consistent with the large degree of variability observed in the ambient datasets....
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"Chemical and physical transformatio..." refers background in this paper
...While variable, the range of OC and EC emission factors are consistent with laboratory (McMeeking et al., 2009) and field data (Andreae and Merlet, 2001)....
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...They are also comparable with emission factors from field studies of open biomass burning (Andreae and Merlet, 2001)....
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...For example, average OC emission factors for the biomass burning classes Savannah and Grasslands, Tropical Forests, Extra Tropical Forests, and Agricultural Residues are 3.4, 5.2, 8.6–9.7, and 3.3 g kg−1, respectively (Andreae and Merlet, 2001)....
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...…CO (74.9±24.8 g kg−1 (average±1σ)) and NOx (3.5 ± 1.8 g kg−1 (average±1σ)) emission factors were within the range of emission factors reported for previous laboratory-scale burns (e.g., Yokelson et al., 2008; McMeeking et al., 2009; Burling et al., 2010) and field data (Andreae and Merlet, 2001)....
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...Both the variable nature of biomass emissions (e.g., Andreae and Merlet, 2001) and the large uncertainties in SOA formation demonstrate the need to empirically characterize SOA from biomass burning....
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...…phase of the experiment, an oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) factor derived from ambient data collected in Pittsburgh (Zhang et al., 2005), and low-volatility OOA (LV-OOA) and semi-volatile OOA (SV-OOA) factors derived from the Pittsburgh OOA (Ulbrich et al., 2009; Jimenez et al., 2009)....
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...Figure 4 plots time series of the coefficient of determination values (R2) between each measured Q-AMS OA mass spectrum and different reference mass spectra, similar to Grieshop et al. (2009a) and Jimenez et al. (2009)....
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