Chemical investigation of Cedrela toona
TL;DR: Occurrence of 1,2-dihydrocedrelone, a new tetranortriterpenoid, provides further interesting evidence of the chemotaxonomic feature of Meliaceae.
About: This article is published in Phytochemistry.The article was published on 1971-10-01. It has received 21 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Toona & Cedrela.
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TL;DR: This poster presents a probabilistic procedure to estimate the planktonic determinants of infectious disease and aims to establish a positive response to these mechanisms.
7 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: This chapter described six novel antidiabetic herbal compounds/formulations which are used by traditional health practitioners (THPs) for the treatment of DM in the country.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a complicated metabolic disorder, is prevalent across the globe particularly in the rural communities. The indigenous communities of the developing countries mostly rely on the traditional recipes based on plants to treat this ailment. A systematic literature survey on such herbal therapies (HTs) can provide firsthand information for drug discovery program. An attempt has been made to overview literature along with ethnobotanical survey of antidiabetic recipes from Pakistan that may be used for the development of new hypoglycemic agents. A total of 209 antidiabetic plants that belonged to 74 families are documented. Of them, 182 species are used individually and 27 species in herbal mixtures. Astragalus gummifer, Lactuca sativa, and Santalum album are recorded first time for their antidiabetic potential in the herbal mixtures. Besides, 38 species such as Adiantum incisum, Alnus nitida, Andrachne cordifolia, Artemisia roxburghiana, Berberis brandisiana, Capparis cartilaginea, Caryopteris odorata, Centaurea iberica, Chrysanthemum indicum, Cleome scaposa, Convolvulus prostratus, Cuscuta campestris, Euphorbia helioscopia, Farsetia hamiltonii, Ferula narthex, Ficus virens, Fragaria indica, Gentianodes tianschanica, Hedera nepalensis, Kickxia ramosissima, Limeum indicum, Malva neglecta, Mentha longifolia, Onosma echioides, Opuntia monacantha, Oxalis corniculata, Papaver somniferum, Prunus amygdalus, P. persica, Pyrus malus, Salix babylonica, Stellaria media, Tamarix aphylla, Tanacetum artemisioides, Taraxacum officinale, Tylophora hirsuta, Ziziphus oxyphylla, and Z. spinosa are ethnobotanically used to treat diabetes, which are required to be scientifically evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity. The most frequently quoted species in treating diabetes were Syzygium cumini, Allium sativum, Momordica charantia, Ficus benghalensis, Justicia adhatoda, Citrullus colocynthis, Ziziphus sativa, Allium cepa, Caralluma edulis, Rhazya stricta, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Grewia asiatica, and Olea ferruginea. In addition to the published data, this chapter described six novel antidiabetic herbal compounds/formulations which are used by traditional health practitioners (THPs) for the treatment of DM in the country. Leaves were the most used plant parts (78%), followed by fruits, seeds, whole plant, and roots. This ethnobotanical knowledge can provide candidate antidiabetic agent for the novel hypoglycemic drugs in future. Based on the frequency of citation, it is recommended that pharmacological studies and clinical trials should be conducted on those species for which such information is lacking.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three neolignans, (7S,8S,7′E)-4, 9-dihydroxy-3,7,3′,9′-tetramethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-ene, and one new phenylpropanoid, threo-5-hydroxy- 3,7-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium bromide (4), were
Abstract: Three new neolignans, (7S,8S,7′E)-4,9-dihydroxy-3,7,3′,9′-tetramethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-ene (1), (7R,8S,7′E)-4, 9-dihydroxy-3,7,3′,9′-tetramethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-ene (2), (7S,8S,7′E)-5, 9-dihydroxy-3,7,3′,5′,9′-pentamethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-ene (3), and one new phenylpropanoid, threo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyphenylpropane-8,9-diol (4), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Toona ciliata var. pubescens. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD data. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds against four tumor cell lines (A549, Colo 205, QGY-7703, and LOVO) were also evaluated by MTT (=(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) method.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the pericarp of Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem (Meliaceae) was identified and the chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data and comparison with previously reported data.
2 citations
22 Apr 2014
TL;DR: The limonoid cedrelone, isolated from the crude hexane extract of stems of T. ciliata, was the most effective compound, either by ingestion or by contact, and the possible modes of action are discussed.
Abstract: Search for Trichilia pallida Swartz, Trichilia pallens C.DC. and Toona ciliata M. Roemer compounds with bioactivity on Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of fractions (in hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic) of ethanolic extracts of Trichilia pallida Swartz, Trichilia pallens C.DC. and Toona ciliata M. Roemer to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith ), and to isolate, identify and evaluate the effect of the compounds from the three Meliaceae on the larvae development and metabolism, with emphasis on the cedrelone limonoid. The fractions caused low mortality, but there was a great reduction in weight of larvae with dichloromethane leaves and stems fractions of T. pallida, stems of T. pallens and leaves and fruits of T. ciliata, in addition to longer duration of the larval stage, pupae weight reduction and changes on nutritional indices. The fraction of T. pallida stems caused the highest toxic effects and secondary phagodeterence, and the fraction of T. ciliata leaves showed probably primary phagodeterrence, but no toxic effect. From the dichloromethane fraction of T. ciliata fruits was obtained a triglyceride (unidentified), from the ethyl acetate fraction of T. ciliata stems was obtained the flavonoid (+/-)-catechin, from the hexane fraction of T. pallida leaves was obtained the triterpene dammaradienol and from the dichloromethane fraction of T. pallens stems was obtained the coumarin scopoletin. Scopoletin and triglyceride caused low mortality and larval weight reduction after ingestion, catechin caused only larval weight reduction. Scopoletin either affect survival by contact. The limonoid cedrelone, isolated from the crude hexane extract of stems of T. ciliata, was the most effective compound, either by ingestion or by contact. After ingestion, the estimated LC50, LC90 and EC50 values for cedrelone applied onto the diet were 365.33, 659.62 and 95,02 ppm, respectively, and after diet incorporation, the values were119.05, 491.14 and 45.13 ppm, respectively. Cedrelone caused feeding deterrence on choice test and reduced leaf consumption in the no-choice test. Cedrelone intake caused low weight gain by larvae and pupae, increased mortality and duration of larval stage in a dose-dependent manner, with sublethal effects observed at 24 ppm. Fourth instar larvae that ingested diet containing 300 ppm cedrelone showed reduced efficiency conversion of ingested (ECI) and digested food (ECD), reduced relative growth rate (RGR), increased metabolic cost (MC), relative metabolic rate (RMR) and approximatte digestibility (AD), but no change in relative consumption rate (RCR), suggesting toxic effects post ingestion and secondary phagodeterrence, in which most of the assimilated food was used in metabolism. The protease activity in the midgut of the larvae that ingested diet containing 300 ppm of cedrelone was reduced, as well the amount of heme groups related to cytochrome P450 monoxygenases in the midgut, but there was no change in the glutathione S-transferases activity. , There was an increase of acetylcholinesterase activity in the larvae bodies. Cedrelone bioactivity and the possible modes of action are discussed.
2 citations
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TL;DR: Diploid and polyploid forms of Ambrosia dumosa Gray have been found to differ markedly in chemical constitution, and the only identifiable lactonic constituent that is found in both forms is parthenolide.
20 citations