Child health clincs and inverse care laws: evidence from longitudinal study of 1878 pre-school children.
TL;DR: In a longitudinal study it was intended that 1878 children should receive periodic developmental examinations from the age of 6 weeks to 3 years, and 683 home developmental examinations were carried out on 269 children who did not attend clinics.
Abstract: In a longitudinal study it was intended that 1878 children should receive periodic developmental examinations from the age of 6 weeks to 3 years. The children were divided into those with a high or low risk of developmental problems. Although clinic attendance rate of 85-89% were achieved in the catchment area 100% coverage was difficult because of population mobility and non-attendance at clinics. Children in families who moved away from the area were more difficult to trace and thus more likely to miss developmental examinations. This was a greater problem in the high-risk group. Altogether 683 home developmental examinations were carried out on 269 children who did not attend clinics. Thirty-five per cent of these children were in the high-risk group compared with 22% in the study population, and significantly more had developmental problems. Thus one possible way of reaching and helping such children is though home developmental examinations.
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01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology as discussed by the authors provides rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles describing significant advances and discoveries in the fields of air, soil, water, and food contamination and pollution as well as articles on methodology and other disciplines concerned with the introduction, presence and effects of toxicants in the total environment.
Abstract: The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles describing significant advances and discoveries in the fields of air, soil, water, and food contamination and pollution as well as articles on methodology and other disciplines concerned with the introduction, presence and effects of toxicants in the total environment. With its high standards of scientific quality and clarity, the Bulletin provides a meeting ground for research workers who daily encounter problems related to the contamination of our environment and who welcome opportunities to share in new discoveries as soon as they are made.
559 citations
TL;DR: Up to a third of children born between 32 and 35 weeks gestation may have school problems, and this finding has implications for educational services.
Abstract: Aim—To identify incidence of school and behaviour problems at age 7 years in children born between 32 and 35 weeks gestation,and investigate perinatal risk factors. Method—The study population consisted of all children born at 32‐35 weeks gestation to mothers resident in Oxfordshire in l990. General practitioners, parents, and teachers were asked about health, behaviour, and education by postal questionnaire. Teachers rated children on level of function in six areas using a five point scale. They also completed the Strengths and DiYculties behaviour questionnaire. Perinatal risk factors were identified for children with poor school performance using a univariate and multivariate analysis. Results—Teacher responses were obtained for 117 (66%) of the 176 children in the cohort. Twenty nine (25%) required support from a non-teaching assistant, five (4%) had required a statement of special educational needs, and three (3%) were at special school. Poor outcome was reported for 32% in writing, 31% in fine motor skills, 29% in mathematics, 19% in speaking, 21% in reading, and 12% in physical education. On the behaviour questionnaire, 19% of the cohort achieved an abnormal hyperactivity score (population norm 10%). Multivariate analysis showed perinatal variables that remained significant, independent of other variables; they were discharge from the special care baby unit > 36 weeks postconceptional age (odds ratio 4.15; 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 12.05) and male sex (odds ratio 3.88; 95% confidence interval 1.42 to 10.6). Conclusion—Up to a third of children born between 32 and 35 weeks gestation may have school problems. As there are larger numbers in this gestational category compared with smaller babies, this finding has implications for educational services. (Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001;85:F23‐F28)
261 citations
Cites background from "Child health clincs and inverse car..."
...In all, 34% of the sample was lost to follow up, the biggest loss being from parents failing to reply to questionnaires (16%). Loss to follow up can cause bias in many ways that mainly underestimate the severity or the frequency of problems....
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01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: This report is concerned with the inter-relationships between various aspects of childbirth and infancy on the one hand and scholastic adjustment and attainment on the other when children have been attending infant schools for two years.
Abstract: This is a further report from the National Children's Bureau, of the National Child Development Study (1958, Cohort), and, as the title suggests, it is concerned with the inter-relationships between various aspects of childbirth and infancy on the one hand and scholastic adjustment and attainment on the other when children have been attending infant schools for two years. It is a known difficulty of longitudinal studies that, by the time the results are available, society and social conditions may well have changed. In a period of rapidly accelerating change, as at the present, the difficultyis even more pronounced. As a result, it is only too easy to question the variables chosen for the study in 1958 and to ask what different variables might
88 citations
TL;DR: The children with positive preschool DDSTs had substantially more school problems three years after screening, compared to a random sample of children with normal DDST results, or a random samples of children who had randomly not been screened.
Abstract: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a public health and education screening program aimed at all 4,797 four to five year old children registering for kindergarten in three school districts of southern Ontario, Canada. Children received either the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) with a community health intervention program for positive screeness; the DDST with no intervention for positive screenees; or no screening test. The intervention program consisted of referral to the child's physician for assessment; a review conference between the child's teacher and the school health nurse; parent counseling; and monitoring of the child in school by the school health nurse. At the end of the third school year, no differences were found between positive screenees in the community health intervention group and the "no intervention" groups using individual academic achievement, cognitive, and developmental tests. Parents' reports revealed no differences between groups in children's mental, social...
62 citations
TL;DR: Evaluation of the parents’ perceived unmet needs in early childhood healthcare services among Indigenous, non‐English‐speaking background (NESB) and English-speaking background children and the related barriers is evaluated.
37 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology as discussed by the authors provides rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles describing significant advances and discoveries in the fields of air, soil, water, and food contamination and pollution as well as articles on methodology and other disciplines concerned with the introduction, presence and effects of toxicants in the total environment.
Abstract: The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles describing significant advances and discoveries in the fields of air, soil, water, and food contamination and pollution as well as articles on methodology and other disciplines concerned with the introduction, presence and effects of toxicants in the total environment. With its high standards of scientific quality and clarity, the Bulletin provides a meeting ground for research workers who daily encounter problems related to the contamination of our environment and who welcome opportunities to share in new discoveries as soon as they are made.
559 citations
[...]
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: This report is concerned with the inter-relationships between various aspects of childbirth and infancy on the one hand and scholastic adjustment and attainment on the other when children have been attending infant schools for two years.
Abstract: This is a further report from the National Children's Bureau, of the National Child Development Study (1958, Cohort), and, as the title suggests, it is concerned with the inter-relationships between various aspects of childbirth and infancy on the one hand and scholastic adjustment and attainment on the other when children have been attending infant schools for two years. It is a known difficulty of longitudinal studies that, by the time the results are available, society and social conditions may well have changed. In a period of rapidly accelerating change, as at the present, the difficultyis even more pronounced. As a result, it is only too easy to question the variables chosen for the study in 1958 and to ask what different variables might
88 citations
5 citations
31 May 1972
3 citations