Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications
TL;DR: Chitin is the second most important natural polymer in the world as mentioned in this paper, and the main sources of chitin are two marine crustaceans, shrimp and crabs, which are used for food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2006-07-01. It has received 6365 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Chitin nanofibril.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The success and degree of muco-adhesive bonding is influenced by various polymer-based properties such as the degree of cross-linking, chain length and the presence of various functional groupings as mentioned in this paper.
720 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan based nanomaterials have superior physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, porosity, tensile strength, conductivity, photo-luminescent as well as increased mechanical properties as comparison to pure chitOSan.
698 citations
TL;DR: The experimental results indicate that graphene oxide sheets prefer to disperse well within the nanocomposites, compared with the pure chitosan, the tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the graphene-based materials are significantly improved.
Abstract: Nanocomposites of chitosan and graphene oxide are prepared by simple self-assembly of both components in aqueous media. It is observed that graphene oxide is dispersed on a molecular scale in the chitosan matrix and some interactions occur between chitosan matrix and graphene oxide sheets. These are responsible for efficient load transfer between the nanofiller graphene and chitosan matrix. Compared with the pure chitosan, the tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the graphene-based materials are significantly improved by about 122 and 64%, respectively, with incorporation of 1 wt % graphene oxide. At the same time, the elongation at the break point increases remarkably. The experimental results indicate that graphene oxide sheets prefer to disperse well within the nanocomposites.
682 citations
01 Jun 2015
TL;DR: This study looks at the contemporary research in chitin and chitosan towards structure, properties, and applications in various industrial and biomedical fields.
Abstract: Chitin and chitosan are considerably versatile and promising biomaterials. The deacetylated chitin derivative chitosan is a useful and interesting bioactive polymer. Despite its biodegradability, it has many reactive amino side groups, which offer possibilities of chemical modifications, formation of a large variety of beneficial derivatives, which are commercially available or can be made available via graft reactions and ionic interactions. This study looks at the contemporary research in chitin and chitosan towards structure, properties, and applications in various industrial and biomedical fields.
670 citations
TL;DR: Chitin is the second most important natural polymer in the world as mentioned in this paper, and the main sources of chitin are two marine crustaceans, shrimp and crabs, which are used for food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
Abstract: Chitin is the second most important natural polymer in the world. The main sources exploited are two marine crustaceans, shrimp and crabs. Our objective is to appraise the state of the art concerning this polysaccharide: its morphology in the native solid state, methods of identification and characterization and chemical modifications, as well as the difficulties in utilizing and processing it for selected applications. We note the important work of P. Austin, S. Tokura and S. Hirano, who have contributed to the applications development of chitin, especially in fiber form. Then, we discuss chitosan, the most important derivative of chitin, outlining the best techniques to characterize it and the main problems encountered in its utilization. Chitosan, which is soluble in acidic aqueous media, is used in many applications (food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications). We briefly describe the chemical modifications of chitosan—an area in which a variety of syntheses have been proposed tentatively, but are not yet developed on an industrial scale. This review emphasizes recent papers on the high value-added applications of these materials in medicine and cosmetics.
625 citations
References
More filters
2,804 citations
"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background in this paper
...The cyclic oligosaccharides, namely a-,b-,g-cyclodextrins (CD), are important because of their ability to encapsulate hydrophobic molecules in their toroidal hydrophobic cavity, whose selectivity depends on the number of glucose units (respectively 6, 7, 8 D-glucose units) [222–224]....
[...]
TL;DR: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. S. Nagar, Punjab-160 062, India, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University, Via Ranieri 67, IT-60100 Ancona, Italy, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Abstract: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar,Mohali, Punjab-160 062, India, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University, Via Ranieri 67, IT-60100 Ancona, Italy,Green Biotechnology Research Group, The Special Division for Human Life Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka-563-8577, Japan, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, IsraelReceived March 2, 2004
2,570 citations
"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background in this paper
...The most important fields where the specificity of chitosan must be recognized are cosmetics (especially for hair care in relation to electrostatic interactions) (Table 12) and the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications on which we focus, which probably offer the greatest promise [230,231]....
[...]
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.
1,317 citations
"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background in this paper
...Chitin is widely used to immobilize enzymes and whole cells; enzyme immobilization has applications in the food industry, such as clarification of fruit juices and processing of milk when a- and b-amylases or invertase are grafted on chitin [81]....
[...]
...On account of its biodegradability, nontoxicity, physiological inertness, antibacterial properties, hydrophilicity, gel-forming properties and affinity for proteins, chitin has found applications in many areas other than food such as in biosensors [81]....
[...]
TL;DR: This study reports for the first time the use of polymer/polyol salt aqueous solutions as gelling systems, suggesting the discovery of a prototype for a new family of thermosetting gels highly compatible with biological compounds.
1,287 citations
"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers methods in this paper
...Many chitosan hydrogels are obtained by treatment with multivalent anions: the case of glycerolphosphate is mentioned above [104], but oxalic acid has also been used [93b,184] as well as tripolyphosphate [185,186]....
[...]
TL;DR: The use of infrared spectroscopy for characterization of the composition of chitin and chitosan covering the entire range of degree of acetylation (DA) and a wide variety of raw materials is examined further in this article.
1,219 citations
"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background in this paper
...This hypothesis is reinforced by the presence of only one band in this region for Nacetyl D-glucosamine [37,42]....
[...]