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Journal ArticleDOI

Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications

01 Jul 2006-Progress in Polymer Science (PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE)-Vol. 31, Iss: 7, pp 603-632
TL;DR: Chitin is the second most important natural polymer in the world as mentioned in this paper, and the main sources of chitin are two marine crustaceans, shrimp and crabs, which are used for food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2006-07-01. It has received 6365 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Chitin nanofibril.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will provide a comprehensive overview of general properties of alginate and its hydrogels, their biomedical applications, and suggest new perspectives for future studies with these polymers.

5,372 citations


Cites background from "Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..."

  • ...Chitosan is a cationic polymer and has been widely used in the areas of food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, [68], due to its biocompatibility and other favorable properties....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review discusses the various attempts reported on solving this problem from the point of view of the chemistry and the structure of these polymers highlighting the drawbacks and advantages of each method and proposes that based on considerations of structure-property relations, it is possible to obtain chitin fibers with improved strength by making use of their nanostructures and/or mesophase properties of chitins.

2,278 citations


Cites background from "Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..."

  • ...These aspects make evident the insolubility and intractability of chitin [6]....

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  • ...cult parameter to control as it involves a complex array of ontrolling factors [6]....

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  • ...Due to the intractability and insolubility of chitin [6,42,43], attention has been given to CSwith regard to developing derivatives withwell-defined molecular architectures having advanced properties and functions....

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  • ...Being considered to be materials of great futuristic potential with immense possibilities for structural modifications to impart desired properties and functions, research and development work on chitin and CS have reached a status of intense activities in many parts of the world [4–6]....

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  • ...It is now well established that the difficulty in solubilization of chitin results mainly from the highly extended hydrogen bonded semi-crystalline structure of chitin [6,14,42–44]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the basic building blocks are described, starting with the 20 amino acids and proceeding to polypeptides, polysaccharides, and polyprotein-saccharide.

2,074 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the use of chitosan and its grafted and crosslinked derivatives for dye removal from aqueous solutions can be found in this paper, which summarizes the key advances and results that have been obtained in their decolorizing application as biosorbents.

1,974 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preparation and properties of innovative chitosan-based biomaterials, with respect to their future applications, are highlighted, with a special focus on wound healing application.

1,694 citations


Cites background or methods from "Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..."

  • ...Interestingly, the aqueous solubility of chitosan is pHdependent allowing processability under mild conditions [4], which opens prospects to a wide range of applications, particularly in the field of cosmetics [2]....

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  • ...Chitosan is a linear, semi-crystalline polysaccharide composed of (1 ? 4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucan (N-acetyl D-glucosamine) and (1 ? 4)-2-amino-2-deoxyb-D-glucan (D-glucosamine) units [2]....

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  • ...Considering all the aforementioned properties, it is not surprising that chitosan was, is and will be tested in many biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, notably for sutures, dental and bone implants and as artificial skin [2]....

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  • ...Different methods including pH-potentiometric titration, IR-spectroscopy, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, but also UV-spectroscopy, colloidal titration and enzymatic degradation are reported in the literature for the determination of chitosan deacetylation degree [17], while its molecular mass is typically deduced from viscosimetry or determined by size exclusion chromatography [2]....

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  • ...After cellulose, chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer [2] and is commonly found in invertebrates – as crustacean shells or insect cuticles – but also in some mushrooms envelopes, green algae cell walls, and yeasts [7–9]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanical properties, including the tensile modulus and strength, of the nanocomposites are greatly improved by about 93% and 99%, respectively, with incorporation of only 0.8 wt % of MWNTs into the chitosan matrix.

580 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...8% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes [192]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure of α-chitin has been determined by X-ray diffraction, based on the intensity data from deproteinized lobster tendon Least-squares refinement shows that adjacent chains have alternating sense (i are antiparallel) In addition, there is a statistical distribution of side-chain orientations, such that all the hydroxyl groups form hydrogen bonds as discussed by the authors.

543 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1999-Polymer
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of protonation on solubilization of chitosan in acetic acid aqueous solution with variable concentration was investigated. But the results were limited to the pK 0.5.

538 citations


"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background in this paper

  • ...We demonstrated that the amount of acid needed depends on the quantity of chitosan to be dissolved [101]....

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  • ...Examination of the role of the protonation of chitosan in the presence of acetic acid [101] and hydrochloric acid on solubility[102] showed that the degree of ionization depends on the pH and the pK of the acid....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper concerns a new method of characterizing chitosans with different degrees of acetylation using a multidetection instrument allowing determination of M, [eta] and RG for each point of the chromatograms, and Lp is found to be independent of DA in the range tested.

495 citations


"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...5) as a solvent since we had no evidence for aggregation in this mixture [123]....

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  • ...We also investigated the influence of the ionic strength on the Mark–Houwink parameters K and a [123,130,131]....

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  • ...[123], especially for the Mark–Houwink parameters with K 1⁄4 0:082mL=g and a 1⁄4 0:76, respectively, when DA 1⁄4 2%....

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  • ...The worm-like model for a semiflexible chain has been developed by several groups and successfully applied to polysaccharides [123,124,135]....

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  • ...15 [100] from hydrodynamic analysis and the Yamakawa–Fujii approach [137], 8 nm [123] from a combination of SEC experiments and the Odijk treatment[134], then 35 nm for chitin and 22 nm for chitosan (DAE0....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that chitosan solutions can be neutralised up to physiological pH (∼7.2) using β-glycerol phosphate without creating immediate gel-like precipitation and furthermore that subsequent heating of these solutions induces hydrogel formation.

483 citations