Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications
Citations
5,372 citations
Cites background from "Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..."
...Chitosan is a cationic polymer and has been widely used in the areas of food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, [68], due to its biocompatibility and other favorable properties....
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2,278 citations
Cites background from "Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..."
...These aspects make evident the insolubility and intractability of chitin [6]....
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...cult parameter to control as it involves a complex array of ontrolling factors [6]....
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...Due to the intractability and insolubility of chitin [6,42,43], attention has been given to CSwith regard to developing derivatives withwell-defined molecular architectures having advanced properties and functions....
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...Being considered to be materials of great futuristic potential with immense possibilities for structural modifications to impart desired properties and functions, research and development work on chitin and CS have reached a status of intense activities in many parts of the world [4–6]....
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...It is now well established that the difficulty in solubilization of chitin results mainly from the highly extended hydrogen bonded semi-crystalline structure of chitin [6,14,42–44]....
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2,074 citations
1,974 citations
1,694 citations
Cites background or methods from "Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..."
...Interestingly, the aqueous solubility of chitosan is pHdependent allowing processability under mild conditions [4], which opens prospects to a wide range of applications, particularly in the field of cosmetics [2]....
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...Chitosan is a linear, semi-crystalline polysaccharide composed of (1 ? 4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucan (N-acetyl D-glucosamine) and (1 ? 4)-2-amino-2-deoxyb-D-glucan (D-glucosamine) units [2]....
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...Considering all the aforementioned properties, it is not surprising that chitosan was, is and will be tested in many biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, notably for sutures, dental and bone implants and as artificial skin [2]....
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...Different methods including pH-potentiometric titration, IR-spectroscopy, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, but also UV-spectroscopy, colloidal titration and enzymatic degradation are reported in the literature for the determination of chitosan deacetylation degree [17], while its molecular mass is typically deduced from viscosimetry or determined by size exclusion chromatography [2]....
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...After cellulose, chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer [2] and is commonly found in invertebrates – as crustacean shells or insect cuticles – but also in some mushrooms envelopes, green algae cell walls, and yeasts [7–9]....
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References
580 citations
Additional excerpts
...8% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes [192]....
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538 citations
"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background in this paper
...We demonstrated that the amount of acid needed depends on the quantity of chitosan to be dissolved [101]....
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...Examination of the role of the protonation of chitosan in the presence of acetic acid [101] and hydrochloric acid on solubility[102] showed that the degree of ionization depends on the pH and the pK of the acid....
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495 citations
"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and..." refers background or methods in this paper
...5) as a solvent since we had no evidence for aggregation in this mixture [123]....
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...We also investigated the influence of the ionic strength on the Mark–Houwink parameters K and a [123,130,131]....
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...[123], especially for the Mark–Houwink parameters with K 1⁄4 0:082mL=g and a 1⁄4 0:76, respectively, when DA 1⁄4 2%....
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...The worm-like model for a semiflexible chain has been developed by several groups and successfully applied to polysaccharides [123,124,135]....
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...15 [100] from hydrodynamic analysis and the Yamakawa–Fujii approach [137], 8 nm [123] from a combination of SEC experiments and the Odijk treatment[134], then 35 nm for chitin and 22 nm for chitosan (DAE0....
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483 citations