Chitosan derived nitrogen-doped microporous carbons for high performance CO2 capture
TL;DR: In this paper, nitrogen-doped microporous carbons were fabricated by a simple chemical activation strategy in which chitosan and K2CO3 were employed as the precursor and activation agent, respectively.
About: This article is published in Carbon.The article was published on 2013-09-01. It has received 271 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Microporous material.
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TL;DR: Recent progress in the applications of hierarchically structured porous materials from energy conversion and storage, catalysis, photocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and sensing to biomedicine is reviewed and could stimulate researchers to synthesize new advanced hierarchically porous solids.
Abstract: Over the last decade, significant effort has been devoted to the applications of hierarchically structured porous materials owing to their outstanding properties such as high surface area, excellent accessibility to active sites, and enhanced mass transport and diffusion. The hierarchy of porosity, structural, morphological and component levels in these materials is key for their high performance in all kinds of applications. The introduction of hierarchical porosity into materials has led to a significant improvement in the performance of materials. Herein, recent progress in the applications of hierarchically structured porous materials from energy conversion and storage, catalysis, photocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and sensing to biomedicine is reviewed. Their potential future applications are also highlighted. We particularly dwell on the relationship between hierarchically porous structures and properties, with examples of each type of hierarchically structured porous material according to its chemical composition and physical characteristics. The present review aims to open up a new avenue to guide the readers to quickly obtain in-depth knowledge of applications of hierarchically porous materials and to have a good idea about selecting and designing suitable hierarchically porous materials for a specific application. In addition to focusing on the applications of hierarchically porous materials, this comprehensive review could stimulate researchers to synthesize new advanced hierarchically porous solids.
1,052 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors organize the CO2 sorbents according to their working temperatures by classifying them as such: (1) low-temperature ( 400 °C), since the sorption capacity, kinetics, recycling stability and cost are important parameters when evaluating a sorbent.
Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using solid sorbents has been recognized as a very promising technology that has attracted intense attention from both academic and industrial fields in the last decade. It is astonishing that around 2000 papers have been published from 2011 to 2014 alone, which is less than three years after our first review paper in this journal on solid CO2 sorbents was published. In this short period, much progress has been made and the major research focus has more or less changed. Therefore, we feel that it is necessary to give a timely update on solid CO2 capture materials, although we still have to keep some important literature results published in the past years so as to keep the good continuity. We believe this work will benefit researchers working in both academic and industrial areas. In this paper, we still organize the CO2 sorbents according to their working temperatures by classifying them as such: (1) low-temperature ( 400 °C). Since the sorption capacity, kinetics, recycling stability and cost are important parameters when evaluating a sorbent, these features will be carefully considered and discussed. In addition, due to the huge amounts of cost-effective CO2 sorbents demanded and the importance of waste resources, solid CO2 sorbents prepared from waste resources and their performance are reviewed. Finally, the techno-economic assessments of various CO2 sorbents and technologies in real applications are briefly discussed.
901 citations
TL;DR: Aerogels are an exceptional class of porous material with a number of excellent physicochemical properties such as low density, high porosity, high surface area and adjustable surface chemistry as discussed by the authors.
457 citations
TL;DR: This critical review aims to highlight the development of carbon-based solid sorbents for postcombustion CO2 capture and touches upon the recent progress made to develop metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and carbon nanomaterials and their general CO2 sorption potential.
Abstract: The persistent increase in atmospheric CO2 from anthropogenic sources makes research directed toward carbon capture and storage imperative. Current liquid amine absorption technology has several drawbacks including hazardous byproducts and a high-energy requirement for regeneration; therefore, research is ongoing to develop more practical methods for capturing CO2 in postcombustion scenarios. The unique properties of carbon-based materials make them specifically promising for CO2 adsorption at low temperature and moderate to high partial pressure. This critical review aims to highlight the development of carbon-based solid sorbents for postcombustion CO2 capture. Specifically, it provides an overview of postcombustion CO2 capture processes with solid adsorbents and discusses a variety of carbon-based materials that could be used. This review focuses on low-cost pyrogenic carbon, activated carbon (AC), and metal–carbon composites for CO2 capture. Further, it touches upon the recent progress made to develop...
376 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a facile method for the preparation of nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon materials is proposed, and the carbonation is realized in a ZnCl2 molten salt at a temperature range of 400-700°C.
266 citations
References
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TL;DR: The most recent developments and emerging concepts in CO(2) separations by solvent absorption, chemical and physical adsorption, and membranes, amongst others, will be discussed, with particular attention on progress in the burgeoning field of metal-organic frameworks.
Abstract: The escalating level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our age. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) from large point sources such as power plants is one option for reducing anthropogenic CO(2) emissions; however, currently the capture alone will increase the energy requirements of a plant by 25-40%. This Review highlights the challenges for capture technologies which have the greatest likelihood of reducing CO(2) emissions to the atmosphere, namely postcombustion (predominantly CO(2)/N(2) separation), precombustion (CO(2)/H(2)) capture, and natural gas sweetening (CO(2)/CH(4)). The key factor which underlies significant advancements lies in improved materials that perform the separations. In this regard, the most recent developments and emerging concepts in CO(2) separations by solvent absorption, chemical and physical adsorption, and membranes, amongst others, will be discussed, with particular attention on progress in the burgeoning field of metal-organic frameworks.
3,388 citations
"Chitosan derived nitrogen-doped mic..." refers background in this paper
...[3] D’Alessandro DM, Smit B, Long JR....
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...As promising alternatives, many solid materials, including zeolites, porous carbons, metal–organic frameworks, and organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents have been widely investigated [1–4]....
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TL;DR: The CO(2) adsorption behavior of several different classes of solid carbon dioxide adsorbents, including zeolites, activated carbons, calcium oxides, hydrotalcites, organic-inorganic hybrids, and metal-organic frameworks are described.
Abstract: Since the time of the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO(2) concentration has risen by nearly 35 % to its current level of 383 ppm. The increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has been suggested to be a leading contributor to global climate change. To slow the increase, reductions in anthropogenic CO(2) emissions are necessary. Large emission point sources, such as fossil-fuel-based power generation facilities, are the first targets for these reductions. A benchmark, mature technology for the separation of dilute CO(2) from gas streams is via absorption with aqueous amines. However, the use of solid adsorbents is now being widely considered as an alternative, potentially less-energy-intensive separation technology. This Review describes the CO(2) adsorption behavior of several different classes of solid carbon dioxide adsorbents, including zeolites, activated carbons, calcium oxides, hydrotalcites, organic-inorganic hybrids, and metal-organic frameworks. These adsorbents are evaluated in terms of their equilibrium CO(2) capacities as well as other important parameters such as adsorption-desorption kinetics, operating windows, stability, and regenerability. The scope of currently available CO(2) adsorbents and their critical properties that will ultimately affect their incorporation into large-scale separation processes is presented.
2,149 citations
"Chitosan derived nitrogen-doped mic..." refers background in this paper
...As promising alternatives, many solid materials, including zeolites, porous carbons, metal–organic frameworks, and organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents have been widely investigated [1–4]....
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...[2] Choi S, Drese JH, Jones CW....
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TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the fate of nitrogen functional forms present in a lignite and its chars, derived from the model compounds acridine, carbazole and polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
1,792 citations
"Chitosan derived nitrogen-doped mic..." refers background in this paper
...1) eV is assigned to pyridone or pyrrole-like nitrogen or both of them, as these two kinds of nitrogen cannot be distinguished from each other within the accuracy of XPS measurements [19]....
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...[19] Pels JR, Kapteijn F, Moulijn JA, Zhu Q, Thomas KM....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classified solid CO2-adsorbents into three types according to their sorption/desorption temperatures: low-, intermediate-and high-temperature adsorbents with temperatures ranging from below 200 °C, between 200-400 °C and above 400 °C.
Abstract: In the last few years there has been a rapid growth in governmental funding and research activities worldwide for CO2 capture, storage and utilization (CSU), due to increasing awareness of the link between CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere and global warming. Among the various technologies and processes that have been developed and are emerging for CSU of CO2, solid CO2-adsorbents are widely applied. In this review, these solid CO2-adsorbents are classified into three types according to their sorption/desorption temperatures: low-, intermediate- and high-temperature adsorbents with temperatures ranging from below 200 °C, between 200–400 °C and above 400 °C, respectively. For each type of solid CO2-adsorbent, the synthesis, interaction mechanism with CO2 and sorption performance, potential applications and problems are reviewed. In the last section, several representative CO2-sorption-enhanced catalytic reactions are discussed. It is expected that this review will not only summarize the main research activities in this area, but also find possible links between fundamental studies and industrial applications.
1,326 citations
"Chitosan derived nitrogen-doped mic..." refers background in this paper
...[4] Wang Q, Luo J, Zhong Z, Borgna A....
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...As promising alternatives, many solid materials, including zeolites, porous carbons, metal–organic frameworks, and organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents have been widely investigated [1–4]....
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TL;DR: Five adsorbent evaluation criteria from the chemical engineering literature are described and used to assess over 40 MOFs for their potential in CO(2) separation processes for natural gas purification, landfill gas separation, and capture of CO( 2) from power-plant flue gas.
Abstract: The development of new microporous materials for adsorption separation processes is a rapidly growing field because of potential applications such as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and purification of clean-burning natural gas. In particular, new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and other porous coordination polymers are being generated at a rapid and growing pace. Herein, we address the question of how this large number of materials can be quickly evaluated for their practical application in carbon dioxide separation processes. Five adsorbent evaluation criteria from the chemical engineering literature are described and used to assess over 40 MOFs for their potential in CO2 separation processes for natural gas purification, landfill gas separation, and capture of CO2 from power-plant flue gas. Comparisons with other materials such as zeolites are made, and the relationships between MOF properties and CO2 separation potential are investigated from the large data set. In addition, strategies for tailoring and designing MOFs to enhance CO2 adsorption are briefly reviewed.
993 citations
"Chitosan derived nitrogen-doped mic..." refers background in this paper
...[1] Bae YS, Snurr RQ....
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...As promising alternatives, many solid materials, including zeolites, porous carbons, metal–organic frameworks, and organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents have been widely investigated [1–4]....
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