scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Chromatin dynamics during spermiogenesis.

01 Mar 2014-Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (Biochim Biophys Acta)-Vol. 1839, Iss: 3, pp 155-168
TL;DR: This review highlights the current knowledge on post-meiotic chromatin reorganization and reveals for the first time intriguing parallels in this process in Drosophila and mammals and illustrates the possible mechanisms that lead from a histone-based chromatin to a mainly protamine-based structure during spermatid differentiation.
About: This article is published in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.The article was published on 2014-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 411 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Histone code & Chromatin.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations suggest environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease is a critical aspect of disease etiology, toxicology and evolution that needs to be considered.
Abstract: Ancestral environmental exposures such as toxicants, abnormal nutrition or stress can promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and phenotypic variation. These environmental factors induce the epigenetic reprogramming of the germline (sperm and egg). The germline epimutations can in turn increase disease susceptibility of subsequent generations of the exposed ancestors. A variety of environmental factors, species and exposure specificity of this induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease is discussed with a consideration of generational toxicology. The molecular mechanisms and processes involved in the ability of these inherited epimutations to increase disease susceptibility are discussed. In addition to altered disease susceptibility, the potential impact of the epigenetic inheritance on phenotypic variation and evolution is considered. Observations suggest environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease is a critical aspect of disease etiology, toxicology and evolution that needs to be considered.

261 citations


Cites background from "Chromatin dynamics during spermioge..."

  • ...However, 1–10% of histones are retained in mammals, depending on species [106]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the basic roles of BET proteins is presented and the pathological functions of BET and the recent developments in cancer therapy targeting BET proteins in animal models are highlighted.
Abstract: The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) family of proteins is characterized by the presence of two tandem bromodomains and an extra-terminal domain The mammalian BET family of proteins comprises BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT, which are encoded by paralogous genes that may have been generated by repeated duplication of an ancestral gene during evolution Bromodomains that can specifically bind acetylated lysine residues in histones serve as chromatin-targeting modules that decipher the histone acetylation code BET proteins play a crucial role in regulating gene transcription through epigenetic interactions between bromodomains and acetylated histones during cellular proliferation and differentiation processes On the other hand, BET proteins have been reported to mediate latent viral infection in host cells and be involved in oncogenesis Human BRD4 is involved in multiple processes of the DNA virus life cycle, including viral replication, genome maintenance, and gene transcription through interaction with viral proteins Aberrant BRD4 expression contributes to carcinogenesis by mediating hyperacetylation of the chromatin containing the cell proliferation-promoting genes BET bromodomain blockade using small-molecule inhibitors gives rise to selective repression of the transcriptional network driven by c-MYC These inhibitors are expected to be potential therapeutic drugs for a wide range of cancers This review presents an overview of the basic roles of BET proteins and highlights the pathological functions of BET and the recent developments in cancer therapy targeting BET proteins in animal models

225 citations


Cites background from "Chromatin dynamics during spermioge..."

  • ...During the post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis, haploid spermatids undergo extensive morphological changes including a striking chromatin reorganization and compaction [102]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Nov 2016-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: There is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of sperm DNA fragmentation tests in couples undergoing MAR both for the prediction of pregnancy and for the choice of treatment, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abstract: Sperm DNA fragmentation has been associated with reduced fertilization rates, embryo quality, pregnancy rates and increased miscarriage rates. Various methods exist to test sperm DNA fragmentation such as the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the value of measuring sperm DNA fragmentation in predicting chance of ongoing pregnancy with IVF or ICSI. Out of 658 unique studies, 30 had extractable data and were thus included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the sperm DNA fragmentation tests had a reasonable to good sensitivity. A wide variety of other factors may also affect the IVF/ICSI outcome, reflected by limited to very low specificity. The constructed hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve indicated a fair discriminatory capacity of the TUNEL assay (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.74) and Comet assay (AUC of 0.73; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.97). The SCSA and the SCD test had poor predictive capacity. Importantly, for the TUNEL assay, SCD test and Comet assay, meta-regression showed no differences in predictive value between IVF and ICSI. For the SCSA meta-regression indicated the predictive values for IVF and ICSI were different. The present review suggests that current sperm DNA fragmentation tests have limited capacity to predict the chance of pregnancy in the context of MAR. Furthermore, sperm DNA fragmentation tests have little or no difference in predictive value between IVF and ICSI. At this moment, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of sperm DNA fragmentation tests in couples undergoing MAR both for the prediction of pregnancy and for the choice of treatment. Given the significant limitations of the evidence and the methodological weakness and design of the included studies, we do urge for further research on the predictive value of sperm DNA fragmentation for the chance of pregnancy after MAR, also in comparison with other predictors of pregnancy after MAR.

217 citations


Cites background from "Chromatin dynamics during spermioge..."

  • ...DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are endogenously induced during spermatogenesis; first during meiosis, to facilitate the formation of meiotic crossovers, and second during spermiogenesis, when the chromatin of the haploid round spermatids is compacted by the replacement of histones by protamines [8,9]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
Noora Kotaja1
TL;DR: The current findings that support the central role of miRNAs in the regulation of spermatogenesis and male fertility are discussed.

213 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of how epigenetic players, such as histone variants and histone writers/readers/erasers, rewire the haploid spermatid genome to facilitate histone substitution by protamines in mammals are discussed.
Abstract: In mammals, male germ cells differentiate from haploid round spermatids to flagella-containing motile sperm in a process called spermiogenesis. This process is distinct from somatic cell differentiation in that the majority of the core histones are replaced sequentially, first by transition proteins and then by protamines, facilitating chromatin hyper-compaction. This histone-to-protamine transition process represents an excellent model for the investigation of how epigenetic regulators interact with each other to remodel chromatin architecture. Although early work in the field highlighted the critical roles of testis-specific transcription factors in controlling the haploid-specific developmental program, recent studies underscore the essential functions of epigenetic players involved in the dramatic genome remodeling that takes place during wholesale histone replacement. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how epigenetic players, such as histone variants and histone writers/readers/erasers, rewire the haploid spermatid genome to facilitate histone substitution by protamines in mammals.

188 citations


Cites background from "Chromatin dynamics during spermioge..."

  • ...Importantly, it has been reported that the BRDT protein co-localized with acetylated H4 chromatin in elongating spermatids (Shang et al. 2007), although other studies found that BRDT protein is either not detected in elongating spermatids or only partially overlap with acetylated histone (Shang et al. 2007, Berkovits & Wolgemuth 2011, Dhar et al. 2012)....

    [...]

  • ...In support of the functional role of BRDT in vivo, a bromodomain-specific small-molecule inhibitor, JQ1, which specifically binds to the acetyl-lysine binding pocket, induced spermatogenic deficiency when applied to mice (Matzuk et al. 2012)....

    [...]

  • ...Distinct from somatic cells, the majority of histone proteins, ~99% of histones in mice and ~90% in humans, will be first replaced by transition proteins and finally by the protamines during the late stage of haploid spermatid development (Rathke et al. 2014, Venkatesh & Workman 2015)....

    [...]

  • ...1) (Rathke et al. 2014)....

    [...]

  • ...…not only those common histone variants, posttranslational histone modifications, and chromatin remodelers that are found in somatic cells, but also many testis-specific factors, such as testis-specific histone variants (TH2B, H1T, etc.) and BRDT (Rathke et al. 2014, Venkatesh & Workman 2015)....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jan 2000-Nature
TL;DR: It is proposed that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a ‘histone code’ that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.
Abstract: Histone proteins and the nucleosomes they form with DNA are the fundamental building blocks of eukaryotic chromatin. A diverse array of post-translational modifications that often occur on tail domains of these proteins has been well documented. Although the function of these highly conserved modifications has remained elusive, converging biochemical and genetic evidence suggests functions in several chromatin-based processes. We propose that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a 'histone code' that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.

8,265 citations

Book
01 Jan 1990

2,034 citations


"Chromatin dynamics during spermioge..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In mammals, the number of stages that can be observed varies among species [26]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The actions of selective proteasome inhibitors are described, how they can be used to investigate cellular responses, the functions of the proteasomes demonstrated by such studies and their potential applications in the future.

1,459 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
16 Sep 2011-Cell
TL;DR: The identification of 67 previously undescribed histone modifications is reported, increasing the current number of known histone marks by about 70%, and lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is investigated, confirming that it represents an evolutionarily-conserved histone posttranslational modification.

1,395 citations


"Chromatin dynamics during spermioge..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In addition, a wave of hypercrotonylation accompanies spermatid elongation [161], and thus, this modification...

    [...]

  • ...fication of 67 novel histone modifications [161] indicates that we have just scratched the surface in trying to unravel the histone...

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: Includes: Molecular Genetics of Insect Fertilization Sex Determination and the Development of the Genital Disc Dosage Compensation Fat-Cell Development The Juvenile Hormones.
Abstract: Includes: Molecular Genetics of Insect Fertilization Sex Determination and the Development of the Genital Disc Dosage Compensation Fat-Cell Development The Juvenile Hormones Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Pheromone Production Biochemistry of Digestion Insect Transposable Elements Amino Acid and Neurotransmitter Transporters Insect Growth-and Development-Disrupting Insecticides Azadirachtin, a Natural Product in Insect Control Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest Insect Control Pheromones - Function and Use in Insect Control Scorpion Venoms Insect Transformation for Use in Control Spider Toxins and their Potential for Insect Control

1,224 citations