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Journal ArticleDOI

Chromatographic adsorption analysis

01 Mar 1942-Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition (American Chemical Society)-Vol. 14, Iss: 3, pp 245-249
About: This article is published in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition.The article was published on 1942-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 84 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Expanded bed adsorption & Adsorption.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chromatography is a method of separation based on the differences in concentration of molecules in or on the mobile and non-mobile phases of a flowing system as discussed by the authors, and it has found an ever increasing range of application both for separations and for quantitative analysis of difficultly separable substances of a wide variety.
Abstract: IN rrs MOST broad definition, chromatography is a method of separation based upon differences in concentration of molecules in or on the mobile and non-mobile phases of a flowing system. The mobile phase may be gaseous or liquid, the non-mobile phase may be liquid or solid. The number of possible experimental arrangements for effecting chromatographic separ~ tions is infinite, and the technique in its present state of development ia largely empirical. However, the method since its first use by Tsw~rT has found an ever increasing range of application both for separations and for quantitative analysis of difficultly separable substances of a wide variety. The theory and practice of chromatography has been summarized in several major publications. STa~X~ 1 and ZECH~EISTF~ and CHOL~OKY s have summarized the developmental literature on chromatography. In a subsequent book, ZECHMEISTER 3 has summarized the advances made in chromatography from 1938 to 1947. CAssrvY~ has recently treated the subject from the more theoretical aspect, and for a discussion of the principles involved in chromatography and a treatment of the effects of numerous variables upon adsorption and separation, the reader is referred to this latter volume. Although chromatography is a routine tool in separations and analyses in some fields, it has not generally reached that stage of development in its application ~ lipid separations. At prc~ent it is largely a research tool rather than a routine method in fat and oil chemistry. The attempts t o use this method in fat chemistry have been summarized in several reviews s-#. Recent developments indicate an expanded usefulness of the method, and it now appears that micro methods based upon various types of chromatography ~ l l soon place very effective tools in the hands of the lipid chemist. The chromatographic techniques thus far developed for use in lipid separations fall into five general classes. Elution analysis (classical chromatography), frontal analysis, displacement analysis, partition chromatography and paper partition chromatography will be discussed each in turn. The author has restricted himself in the present treatment to fats, oils, f a t ty acids and other lipids of biological importance, with the exception of the steroids and carotenoids.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyllb, and carotene pigments have been used to study the operation of countercurrent distribution apparatus as mentioned in this paper, but only partial separation of the chlorophyls was obtained by the use of the 25-tube Craig apparatus.
Abstract: Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotene have been used to study the operation of countercurrent distribution apparatus An incomplete separation of the chlorophylls was obtained by the use of the 25-tube Craig apparatus, but nearly complete separation of the chlorophyll and carotene pigments resulted Degree of separation can be estimated by the modification of the equation of Martin and Synge which follows: $$t = \sqrt n \frac{{R - 1}}{{R + 1}} = \sqrt n \frac{{K_b - K_a }}{{K_a + K_b + 2K_a K_b }}$$

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1947-Nature
TL;DR: The main features of an apparatus made for this purpose are a syringe to force the solution through the adsorption column, from which a flexible canula and a capillary-drop tip convey the eluate to a rotating metal drum, on which a filter paper is fastened.
Abstract: The need has been felt in this laboratory for a simple apparatus capable of recording eluate concentrations by chemical means The main features of an apparatus made for this purpose are: a syringe to force the solution through the adsorption column, from which a flexible canula and a capillary-drop tip convey the eluate to a rotating metal drum, on which a filter paper is fastened The drop tip is pushed along the lowest generatrice of the cylinder and at regular intervals lifted up to the paper, where a drop of the eluate is deposited The device for this lifting (not shown in Fig 1) is operated from a cog-wheel on the left end of the drum Syringe, drum and drop tip are driven synchronously by an electric motor through a system of cog-wheels and threadworms

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The striking, rose-pink color of Hopkinsia rosacea is due to the presence of a carotenoid pigment, hopkinsiaxanthin, which has not been found in plants or in other animals and probably contains a carbonyl group.
Abstract: The striking, rose-pink color of Hopkinsia rosacea is due to the presence of a carotenoid pigment, hopkinsiaxanthin. This xanthophyll, which has not been found in plants or in other animals, occurs in the stable, trans configuration and probably contains a carbonyl group.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An early description of a form of paper chromatography for analysis of bilirubin, which was made visible on paper by separation from other colours, is described in Zentralblatt für Innere Medizin of 1906.
Abstract: An early description of a form of paper chromatography for analysis of bilirubin, is described in Zentralblatt fur Innere Medizin of 1906. The bilirubin in urine was identified after a diazotization reaction to give a red diazo dye, that was made visible on paper by separation from other colours.

12 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The α-tocopherol as mentioned in this paper is a possibly the allophante of β-amyrin, which was derived from wheat germ oil thress aflophanates.

170 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A provisional formula for α-tocopherol is proposed, which when given in a single dose of 3 mg.
Abstract: We have prepared from the non-saponifiable matter of wheat germ oil thress aflophanates: 1. M.p. 250°. This is a possibly the allophante of β-amyrin. The alcohol regenrated from the allopohante has no vitamin E potency. 2. M.p. 138°, readily crystallizing in long needles. The analysis agree with values required by monollophantes of an alcohol, C39H50O2. The alcohol from this allophante apparenelly has some vitamin E potency, but less than that from the third allophanate. 3. M.p. 158-160°. From this allophanate, the alcohol—for which we propose the name α-tocopherol—when given in a single dose of 3 mg. always enables vitamin E-deficient rats to bear young. α-Tocopherol shows a characteristic absoption band at 2980 A., E1 per cent1 cm. = 90 ca. Treatment with methyl alcoholic silver nitrate converts it to a substance which has absorption bands at 2710 and 2620 A respectively, E1 per centcm. = 480 ca., and possesses and some vitamin E activity. α-Tocopherol yields a crystaline p-nitrophenylurethane melting at 120-131°. Analyses of both the urethane and the allophanate indicate a provisional formula for α-tocopherol of C29H50O2

155 citations