Chromatographic fractionation of lithium isotope in aqueous solution using bifunctional ion-exchange resin
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of bifunctional group in the same cross-linkage degree on the Li isotope fractionation in the cation exchange reaction in the aqueous solutions ranging in temperature fr
Abstract: We have examined the effect of bifunctional group in the same cross-linkage degree on the Li isotope fractionation in the cation exchange reaction in the aqueous solutions ranging in temperature fr...
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10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of crown ether-type organic composite adsorbents embedded in high-porous silica beads for simultaneous recovery of lithium and uranium in seawater has been achieved and the adsorption behavior of the composite adorbents has been examined in several types of original seawater in the wide temperature and pH ranges.
Abstract: The syntheses of crown ether-type organic composite adsorbents embedded in high-porous silica beads for simultaneous recovery of lithium and uranium in seawater have been achieved and the adsorption behavior of lithium and uranium on the composite adsorbents has been examined in several types of original seawater in the wide temperature and pH ranges. As a result, the composite adsorbents composed of benzo-15-crown-5 (BC15) and benzo-18-crown-6 (BC18) showed the top-class maximum adsorption capacities for lithium [6.5 mg/g (BC15), 11 mg/g (BC18)] and uranium [12 mg/g (BC15), 4.2 mg/g (BC18)].
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a 10-stage cross-flow extraction experiment was carried out using crown ether as the extractant and the aqueous phase feed solution was fully utilized, and the 7Li abundance was increased to 93.29 %.
5 citations
01 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a reprocessing system with nuclide separation processes based on the chromatographic technique in the hydrochloric acid solution system was proposed, which consists of the dissolution process, the reprocess, the minor actinide separation process, and Nuclide extraction process.
Abstract: We have proposed the reprocessing system with nuclide separation processes based on the chromatographic technique in the hydrochloric acid solution system. Our proposed system consists of the dissolution process, the reprocessing process, the minor actinide separation process, and nuclide separation processes. In the reprocessing and separation processes, the pyridine resin is used as a main separation media. It was confirmed that the dissolution in the hydrochloric acid solution is easily achieved by the plasma voloxidation and by the addition of oxygen peroxide into the hydrochloric acid solution.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors highlight the current trends in separation techniques of lithium isotopes by exposing all the chemical separation and spectrometric analysis methods, and highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
Abstract: In terms of isotopic technologies, it is essential to be able to produce materials with an enriched isotopic abundance (i.e., a compound isotopic labelled with 2H, 13C, 6Li, 18O or 37Cl), which is one that differs from natural abundance. The isotopic-labelled compounds can be used to study different natural processes (like compounds labelled with 2H, 13C, or 18O), or they can be used to produce other isotopes as in the case of 6Li, which can be used to produce 3H, or to produce LiH that acts like a protection shield against fast neutrons. At the same time, 7Li isotope can be used as a pH controller in nuclear reactors. The COLEX process, which is currently the only technology available to produce 6Li at industrial scale, has environmental drawbacks due to generation of Hg waste and vapours. Therefore, there is a need for new eco-friendly technologies for separation of 6Li. The separation factor of 6Li/7Li with chemical extraction methods in two liquid phases using crown ethers is comparable to that of COLEX method, but has the disadvantages of low distribution coefficient of Li and the loss of crown ethers during the extraction. Electrochemical separation of lithium isotopes through the difference in migration rates between 6Li and 7Li is one of the green and promising alternatives for the separation of lithium isotopes, but this methodology requires complicated experimental setup and optimisation. Displacement chromatography methods like ion exchange in different experimental configurations have been also applied to enrich 6Li with promising results. Besides separation methods, there is also a need for development of new analysis methods (ICP-MS, MC-ICP-MS, TIMS) for reliable determination of Li isotope ratios upon enrichment. Considering all the above-mentioned facts, this paper will try to emphasize the current trends in separation techniques of lithium isotopes by exposing all the chemical separation and spectrometric analysis methods, and highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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TL;DR: This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth, summarizing the theoretical and experimental achievements and endeavors to realize the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.
Abstract: The lithium metal battery is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices in our modern and technology-based society. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth induces poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, dragging lithium metal batteries out of practical applications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth. First, the working principles and technical challenges of a lithium metal anode are underscored. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understandings and quantitative models for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, lithium dendrite nucleation, and growth. On the basis of previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth of lithium metal anode and some other metal anodes are reviewed. A section dedicated to the potential of full-cell lithium metal batteries for practical applicatio...
3,812 citations
"Chromatographic fractionation of li..." refers background in this paper
...caused by many industrial applications such as Li ion batteries,([1]) Li lubricating greases,([2]) Li additives for improving glass production,([2]) Li glazes for pottery, porcelain, enamel, etc....
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TL;DR: In this article, it was pointed out that the possibility of chemical separation of isotopes is a quantum effect and that the difference in the free energies of two isotopic molecules can be directly calculated.
Abstract: It is pointed out that the possibility of chemical separation of isotopes is a quantum effect. This permits a direct calculation of the difference in the free energies of two isotopic molecules. Tables and approximation methods are given which permit a rapid calculation of equilibrium constants if the frequency shifts on isotopic substitution are known. Several applications are discussed.
1,567 citations
"Chromatographic fractionation of li..." refers methods in this paper
...It has been commonly understood that heavier Li isotope is enriched in the side of the chemical form with the stronger binding force, which is calledmass shift effect.([26]) On the basis of these results, the ε value per unit mass (ε/ΔMass), which have been frequently used for the analysis of the isotope fractionation using ion exchange chromatography, are calculated by...
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TL;DR: The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations have been widely used for interpreting various adsorption processes as discussed by the authors, and many serious mistakes have been made in the literature in determination or calculation of thermodynamic parameters, especially in the determination of the change in the free energy of adorption.
Abstract: The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations have been widely used for interpreting various adsorption processes. There are, however, many serious mistakes in the literature in determination or calculation of thermodynamic parameters, especially in the determination of the change in the free energy of adsorption using Langmuir, Freundlich and Henry constants. Many authors used these constants for the determination of ∆G expressed instead of dimensionless in some concentration units (for example: l mol-1, l g-1, ml mg-1, etc.).
442 citations
TL;DR: This review examines the advances in paper-based microfluidic diagnostics for medical diagnosis in the context of global health from 2007 to 2016 and highlights emerging health applications, such as male fertility testing and wearable diagnostics.
Abstract: Infectious diseases are a major global health issue. Diagnosis is a critical first step in effectively managing their spread. Paper-based microfluidic diagnostics first emerged in 2007 as a low-cost alternative to conventional laboratory testing, with the goal of improving accessibility to medical diagnostics in developing countries. In this review, we examine the advances in paper-based microfluidic diagnostics for medical diagnosis in the context of global health from 2007 to 2016. The theory of fluid transport in paper is first presented. The next section examines the strategies that have been employed to control fluid and analyte transport in paper-based assays. Tasks such as mixing, timing, and sequential fluid delivery have been achieved in paper and have enabled analytical capabilities comparable to those of conventional laboratory methods. The following section examines paper-based sample processing and analysis. The most impactful advancement here has been the translation of nucleic acid analysis...
409 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review article describes all the possible ways for estimating the thermodynamic parameters and possible flaws are also highlighted, and concludes that thermodynamic studies must be taken into consideration with caution since an enthalpy-entropy compensation was observed.
214 citations
"Chromatographic fractionation of li..." refers methods in this paper
...K).([18]) However, if the K is dimensionless, the dimensionless Kd can be used in place of K....
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