Chronic Stress Induced Remodeling of the Prefrontal Cortex: Structural Re-Organization of Microglia and the Inhibitory Effect of Minocycline
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..., branching) of processes, and expression of the activation marker IBA1 (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, also known as allograft inflammatory factor 1, AIF1), but not of type II major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC-II), in many stress-responsive brain areas [57–60]....
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...Chronic restraint stress 6 h daily restraint for 21 days Rats/SD IHC of activation markers, bintegrin (a marker of microglial ramification), and P2X7 (a purinergic receptor) Reconstruction of Iba-1-labeled microglia followed by morphometric and Scholl analyses " Iba-1 IR $ MHC-II, CD68 IR " b-integrin IR # P2X7 IR " Branch points (nodes), intersections, and process length in large microglia (top 25%) PFC [57,58,60]...
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...…al. 2010) and/or changes in the percentage area occupied by Iba-1 signal per region (Kreisel et al. 2014; Couch et al. 2013; Diz-Chaves et al. 2013; Hinwood et al. 2013, 2012; Kopp et al. 2013; Bian et al. 2012; Diz-Chaves et al. 2012; Park et al. 2011; Yoo et al. 2011; Brevet et al. 2010; Tynan…...
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...It is difficult then to separate the effects of chronic restraint from the effects of social isolation, which were described by Schiavone et al. (2009)....
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...Analysis of Iba-1 staining consisted of region-specific cell counting (Giovanoli et al. 2013; Hinwood et al. 2013; Kopp et al. 2013; Hinwood et al. 2012; Wohleb et al. 2012, 2011; Kojo et al. 2010; Tynan et al. 2010) and/or changes in the percentage area occupied by Iba-1 signal per region (Kreisel…...
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...Further analysis by Hinwood et al. (2013) found that chronic restraint led to distinct morphological changes, with increased ramification of the microglia....
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...Control animals were handled each day and returned to their home cage Tynan et al. (2010), Park et al. (2011), Yoo et al. (2011), Hinwood et al. (2012, 2013), Kopp et al. (2013) Occlusal disharmony ddY mice 1–5 days Surgical placement of resin on the upper molars increased the vertical dimension of…...
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390 citations
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...In some cases, significant differences in various features have been noted even between strains of one species (Humphrey and Moore, 1995; Klyushnenkova and Vanguri, 1997)....
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354 citations
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...The release of cytokines following microglia activation have been reported to have a causal role in behavioural phenotype in stress models (Blandino et al., 2013; Hinwood et al., 2012, 2013; Kreisel et al., 2014; Wohleb et al., 2013)....
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References
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"Chronic Stress Induced Remodeling o..." refers methods in this paper
...Brain regions were identified anatomically in accordance with a stereotaxic rat brain atlas (Paxinos and Watson 2005)....
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...associated with an increased level of inflammatory signaling within the brain (Wynne et al. 2009; Kettenmann et al. 2011)....
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