Circularly Polarized Metallic Post Integrated Patch Antenna for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics Application at 5.8 GHz DSRC Band
01 Feb 2020-
TL;DR: In this article, a left hand circularly polarized (LHCP) circular microstrip patch antenna (CMSA) operating at 5.8 GHz dedicated short range communication (DSRC) band using metallic posts (MPs) is explored for road transport and traffic telematics (RTTT) application.
Abstract: A left hand circularly polarized (LHCP) circular microstrip patch antenna (CMSA), operating at 5.8 GHz dedicated short range communication (DSRC) band using metallic posts (MPs) is explored in this paper for road transport and traffic telematics (RTTT) application. Optimal tuning of the distance between each pair of MPs a 176◦ wide axial ratio (AR) beamwidth for on-board unit (OBU) antenna is achieved. The OBU antenna offers a 18.5 dB cross-polarization isolation well-above the European standard (CEN-EN12253) for RTTT application. Analysis of the OBU integrated on a car model is also done to evaluate the effect of a large electromagnetic object on the antenna performance. The OBU antenna integrated on a vehicle offers a considerably high gain of 10.4 dBic with the 3 dB AR beamwidth of 298◦ and 236◦ in E-plane and H-plane, respectively.
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TL;DR: The content and status of the DSRC standards being developed for deployment in the United States are explained, including insights into why specific technical solutions are being adopted, and key challenges remaining for successful DSRC deployment.
Abstract: Wireless vehicular communication has the potential to enable a host of new applications, the most important of which are a class of safety applications that can prevent collisions and save thousands of lives. The automotive industry is working to develop the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technology, for use in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication. The effectiveness of this technology is highly dependent on cooperative standards for interoperability. This paper explains the content and status of the DSRC standards being developed for deployment in the United States. Included in the discussion are the IEEE 802.11p amendment for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE), the IEEE 1609.2, 1609.3, and 1609.4 standards for Security, Network Services and Multi-Channel Operation, the SAE J2735 Message Set Dictionary, and the emerging SAE J2945.1 Communication Minimum Performance Requirements standard. The paper shows how these standards fit together to provide a comprehensive solution for DSRC. Most of the key standards are either recently published or expected to be completed in the coming year. A reader will gain a thorough understanding of DSRC technology for vehicular communication, including insights into why specific technical solutions are being adopted, and key challenges remaining for successful DSRC deployment. The U.S. Department of Transportation is planning to decide in 2013 whether to require DSRC equipment in new vehicles.
1,655 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a novel design is proposed for a compact tri-band hexagonal microstrip antenna to be integrated with the body of a smart vehicle for short range communication purpose in an Intelligent Transport System (ITS).
Abstract: The present paper analyses and documents the merits of incorporating fractal design in microstrip antenna intended to be mounted on and integrated into the design of smart vehicles. A novel design is proposed for a compact tri-band hexagonal microstrip antenna to be integrated with the body of a smart vehicle for short range communication purpose in an Intelligent Transport System (ITS). This antenna can be used at 1.575 GHz of GPS L1 band for vehicle to roadside communication, at 3.71 GHz of mobile WiMAX band (IEEE 802.16e-2005) for blind spot detection and at 5.9 GHz of DSRC band (IEEE 802.11p) for vehicle to vehicle communication. At 3.71 GHz, the two major lobes of the antenna radiation beam, tilted by 35 ◦ on both sides from its broadside direction, help the vehicle to detect blind spots efficiently. The largest dimension of the proposed antenna corresponds to the lowest resonating frequency, 1.575 GHz. Compared to the conventional hexagonal patch, the modified Sierpinski fractal proposed herein reduces the overall area, at 1.575 GHz, by 75%, with 5.2 dBi gain. In comparison with other popular fractals, the proposed fractal structure achieves demonstrably better antenna miniaturization. When the antenna is mounted on the vehicle, considered an electromagnetically larger object, the simulated and on-vehicle experimental results show antenna gains of more than 5.5 dBi at 1.575 GHz, 8 dBi at 3.71 GHz and 9 dBi at 5.9 GHz in the desired direction with negligible amount of electromagnetic interference inside the car.
37 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a shark-fin rooftop multiband antenna for the automotive industry is proposed, which receives right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) satellite signals for the Global Positioning System (GPS) L1-band and Vertically Linearly Polarized (VLP) signals for Long Term Evolution (LTE), the cellular frequencies, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) and the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) system.
Abstract: A shark-fin rooftop multiband antenna for the automotive industry is proposed. The antenna system receives Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) satellite signals for the Global Positioning System's (GPS) L1-Band and Vertically Linearly Polarized (VLP) signals for the Long Term Evolution (LTE), the cellular frequencies, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) and the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) system. A ceramic patch antenna element was used for the GPS signals and a printed monopole utilizing printed ground sleeve technique for the cellular and LTE signals. A study of four potential DSRC antenna elements to determine the appropriate antenna element location within the antenna cover to obtain optimum performance is also presented and discussed in detail. The antenna module was measured on a 1-meter diameter ground plane and on a vehicle roof model. The design and measurements results are presented and discussed below.
36 citations
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TL;DR: A method of detecting lane markings by a side fisheye camera which is mounted at the side of a vehicle and observes the side scene in the FFCVS (Four FISheye Camera Vision System).
Abstract: In this paper we propose a method of detecting lane markings by a side fisheye camera which is mounted at the side of a vehicle and observes the side scene in the FFCVS (Four Fisheye Camera Vision System). Since the side fisheye camera has a wider FOV (field of view) than a hemispherical one the whole lane marking at the side may be observed by the fisheye camera and the two vanishing points of straight lane markings may appear in the fisheye image. When a vehicle moves along straight lanes the translation vector of the camera is the same as the direction vector of the straight lanes. In this paper, we first compute the epipoles of a pair of fisheye images by spherical stereo method. Then the epipoles are used as the initial position of the vanishing points of lanes. Finally, the straight lane markings are detected by the estimated position of the vanishing points and the gradient values of edge points of lane markings.
20 citations
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TL;DR: A simulation study of a 5.8 GHz patch antenna integrated into a vehicle for Dedicated Short Range Communication applications (DSRC) is presented, validated by measurements that enable to assess the effects of car structures on radiation patterns.
Abstract: This paper presents a simulation study of a 5.8 GHz patch antenna integrated into a vehicle for Dedicated Short Range Communication applications (DSRC). The DSRC deals with car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communications and will permit to improve road transport by using information and communication technologies. This study provides simulation results validated by measurements that enable to assess the effects of car structures on radiation patterns.
13 citations
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