Citizenship and its discontents: an Indian history
TL;DR: The development and growth of citizenship in industrialized societies, especially Britain, has been, for several decades, considered a "Citizenship and Social Class" as discussed by the authors, where the authors chronicled the development of citizenship and social class.
Abstract: Marshall's “Citizenship and Social Class”, where he chronicled the development and growth of citizenship in industrialized societies, especially Britain, has been, for several decades, considered a...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the emergence of new forms of postcolonial citizenship at the intersection of digital and urban publics, and argue that subaltern citizenship in the postcolony exists not in opposition, but across urban and digital citizenships.
Abstract: The smart city as a “digital turn” in critical urban geography has gone largely unnoticed in postcolonial urbanism. This paper seeks to address this gap by examining the emergence of new forms of postcolonial citizenship at the intersection of digital and urban publics. In particular, I investigate the production of a “smart citizen” in India's 100 smart cities challenge – a state‐run inter‐urban competition that seeks to transform 100 existing cities through ICT‐driven urbanism. By examining the publicly available documents and online citizen consultations as well as observations of stakeholder workshops in four of the proposed smart cities, I illustrate how a global technocratic imaginary of “smart citizenship” exists alongside its vernacular translation of a “chatur citizen” – a politically engaged citizen rooted in multiple publics and spatialities. This takes place through three key processes – enumerations, performances and breaches. Enumerations are coercions by the state of an urban population that has so far been largely hidden from analogue technologies of governance and governmentality. Articulations are the performances of smart citizenship across digital and material domains that ironically extend historic social inequalities from the urban to the digital realm. Finally, breaches are the ruptures of the impenetrable technocratic walls around the global smart city, which provides a window into alternative and possible futures of postcolonial citizenship in India. Through these three processes, I argue that subaltern citizenship in the postcolony exists not in opposition, but across urban and digital citizenships. I conclude by offering the potential of a future postcolonial citizen who opens up entangled performances of compliance and connivance, authority and insecurity, visibility and indiscernibility across political, social, urban and digital publics.
112 citations
Cites background from "Citizenship and its discontents: an..."
...Finally, breaches to particular forms of authority and power across digital and urban publics open up “opportunities, possibilities and beginnings” (Isin & Ruppert, 2015) from within the spaces of the smart city....
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...As Isin and Ruppert (2015) suggest, the digital citizen now becomes both “subject to 408 | DATTA power” as well as “subject of power”, simultaneously controlling and controlled by the structures and networks of digital technologies and information flows in the smart city....
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Berry as mentioned in this paper argues that the incorporation of California and its diverse peoples into the U.S. depended on processes of colonization that produced and justified an adaptable racial hierarchy that protected white privilege and supported a racially exclusive conception of citizenship.
Abstract: The construction of California as an American state was a colonial project premised upon Indigenous removal, state-supported land dispossession, the perpetuation of unfree labor systems and legal, racebased discrimination alongside successful Anglo-American settlement. This dissertation, entitled “How the West was Won: Race, Citizenship, and the Colonial Roots of California, 1849 1879” argues that the incorporation of California and its diverse peoples into the U.S. depended on processes of colonization that produced and justified an adaptable racial hierarchy that protected white privilege and supported a racially-exclusive conception of citizenship. In the first section, I trace how the California Constitution and federal and state legislation violated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This legal system empowered Anglo-American migrants seeking territorial, political, and economic control of the region by allowing for the dispossession of Californio and Indigenous communities and legal discrimination against Californio, Indigenous, Black, and Chinese persons. The second section of the dissertation focuses on the implementation and obstruction of a Free State status and the process of Reconstruction within the state. This project concludes with an exploration of the rewriting of the California Constitution in 1879. While the 1849 Constitution established American sovereignty by excluding Californios, Indigenous Peoples, and Black Americans from California society, the 1879 Constitution maintained the colonial project and protected white-only citizenship, by providing mechanisms to manage the “imported colonialism” created by the demand for cheap labor and a growing American empire. In California, the construction of the American state depended on the racialization, dehumanization, and criminalization of Californio, Indigenous, Chinese and Black people that ultimately rendered them unworthy of inhabiting the land as citizens. The colonial process that transformed the frontier from a contested Mexican space into an American state, not only structured California society, but also shaped U.S. society, American imperialism in the Pacific World, and U.S. immigration policy in the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group History First Advisor Mary F. Berry
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present fieldwork from Mumbai and Kolkata to show that citizenship status, rights, and belonging are more restrictive for Indian citizens who are internal migrants than for those who are not.
Abstract: Immigrants and the process of incorporation can elucidate what it means to be a member of a national citizenry and sociopolitical community. However, relatively little scholarship has focused on the potential of internal migration to highlight citizenship outcomes. This article presents fieldwork from Mumbai and Kolkata to show that citizenship status, rights, and belonging are more restrictive for Indian citizens who are internal migrants than for those who are not. It argues that development factors alone are insufficient explanations for citizenship outcomes in India, and shows that internal migrants experience a lesser citizenship status and curtailed citizenship rights because they are migrants rather than because of their impoverishment or because of the limited capacity of the state.
49 citations
TL;DR: This article reviewed the scholarship on the politics of social policy, and showed the contribution of the special issue to explaining expanded welfare commitments in Brazil, China, India and South Africa in the twenty-first century.
Abstract: This introductory essay reviews the scholarship on the politics of social policy, and shows the contribution of the special issue to explaining expanded welfare commitments in Brazil, China, India and South Africa in the twenty-first century. Much literature on welfare expansion in lower- and middle-income contexts views it primarily as a policy corrective to the economic dislocations produced by global economic integration. This special issue focuses on the political factors that are critical to understanding the shape social policies have taken and their effectiveness in ameliorating poverty and inequality.
40 citations
Cites background from "Citizenship and its discontents: an..."
...such as India, there has also been a focus on establishing social ‘rights’ (Harriss, 2013; Jayal, 2013)....
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...Informed by prominent civil society activists who sat on a new National Advisory Council and helped to draw up legislation, the UPA government sought to put social rights on a legislative footing (Harriss, 2013; Jayal, 2013; Koehler & Chopra, 2014; Ruparelia, 2013)....
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...…of what a growing literature calls a ‘social investment’ regime (see, for example, Deeming & Smyth, 2015; Drèze & Sen, 2013; Midgley, 1999; Midgley & Piachaud, 2013).4 In some countries, such as India, there has also been a focus on establishing social ‘rights’ (Harriss, 2013; Jayal, 2013)....
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...Advisory Council and helped to draw up legislation, the UPA government sought to put social rights on a legislative footing (Harriss, 2013; Jayal, 2013; Koehler & Chopra, 2014; Ruparelia, 2013)....
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01 Jan 2019
Abstract: ................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Figures ...................................................................................................... 9 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 15 Glossary ................................................................................................................. 18
38 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the emergence of new forms of postcolonial citizenship at the intersection of digital and urban publics, and argue that subaltern citizenship in the postcolony exists not in opposition, but across urban and digital citizenships.
Abstract: The smart city as a “digital turn” in critical urban geography has gone largely unnoticed in postcolonial urbanism. This paper seeks to address this gap by examining the emergence of new forms of postcolonial citizenship at the intersection of digital and urban publics. In particular, I investigate the production of a “smart citizen” in India's 100 smart cities challenge – a state‐run inter‐urban competition that seeks to transform 100 existing cities through ICT‐driven urbanism. By examining the publicly available documents and online citizen consultations as well as observations of stakeholder workshops in four of the proposed smart cities, I illustrate how a global technocratic imaginary of “smart citizenship” exists alongside its vernacular translation of a “chatur citizen” – a politically engaged citizen rooted in multiple publics and spatialities. This takes place through three key processes – enumerations, performances and breaches. Enumerations are coercions by the state of an urban population that has so far been largely hidden from analogue technologies of governance and governmentality. Articulations are the performances of smart citizenship across digital and material domains that ironically extend historic social inequalities from the urban to the digital realm. Finally, breaches are the ruptures of the impenetrable technocratic walls around the global smart city, which provides a window into alternative and possible futures of postcolonial citizenship in India. Through these three processes, I argue that subaltern citizenship in the postcolony exists not in opposition, but across urban and digital citizenships. I conclude by offering the potential of a future postcolonial citizen who opens up entangled performances of compliance and connivance, authority and insecurity, visibility and indiscernibility across political, social, urban and digital publics.
112 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Berry as mentioned in this paper argues that the incorporation of California and its diverse peoples into the U.S. depended on processes of colonization that produced and justified an adaptable racial hierarchy that protected white privilege and supported a racially exclusive conception of citizenship.
Abstract: The construction of California as an American state was a colonial project premised upon Indigenous removal, state-supported land dispossession, the perpetuation of unfree labor systems and legal, racebased discrimination alongside successful Anglo-American settlement. This dissertation, entitled “How the West was Won: Race, Citizenship, and the Colonial Roots of California, 1849 1879” argues that the incorporation of California and its diverse peoples into the U.S. depended on processes of colonization that produced and justified an adaptable racial hierarchy that protected white privilege and supported a racially-exclusive conception of citizenship. In the first section, I trace how the California Constitution and federal and state legislation violated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This legal system empowered Anglo-American migrants seeking territorial, political, and economic control of the region by allowing for the dispossession of Californio and Indigenous communities and legal discrimination against Californio, Indigenous, Black, and Chinese persons. The second section of the dissertation focuses on the implementation and obstruction of a Free State status and the process of Reconstruction within the state. This project concludes with an exploration of the rewriting of the California Constitution in 1879. While the 1849 Constitution established American sovereignty by excluding Californios, Indigenous Peoples, and Black Americans from California society, the 1879 Constitution maintained the colonial project and protected white-only citizenship, by providing mechanisms to manage the “imported colonialism” created by the demand for cheap labor and a growing American empire. In California, the construction of the American state depended on the racialization, dehumanization, and criminalization of Californio, Indigenous, Chinese and Black people that ultimately rendered them unworthy of inhabiting the land as citizens. The colonial process that transformed the frontier from a contested Mexican space into an American state, not only structured California society, but also shaped U.S. society, American imperialism in the Pacific World, and U.S. immigration policy in the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group History First Advisor Mary F. Berry
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present fieldwork from Mumbai and Kolkata to show that citizenship status, rights, and belonging are more restrictive for Indian citizens who are internal migrants than for those who are not.
Abstract: Immigrants and the process of incorporation can elucidate what it means to be a member of a national citizenry and sociopolitical community. However, relatively little scholarship has focused on the potential of internal migration to highlight citizenship outcomes. This article presents fieldwork from Mumbai and Kolkata to show that citizenship status, rights, and belonging are more restrictive for Indian citizens who are internal migrants than for those who are not. It argues that development factors alone are insufficient explanations for citizenship outcomes in India, and shows that internal migrants experience a lesser citizenship status and curtailed citizenship rights because they are migrants rather than because of their impoverishment or because of the limited capacity of the state.
49 citations
TL;DR: This article reviewed the scholarship on the politics of social policy, and showed the contribution of the special issue to explaining expanded welfare commitments in Brazil, China, India and South Africa in the twenty-first century.
Abstract: This introductory essay reviews the scholarship on the politics of social policy, and shows the contribution of the special issue to explaining expanded welfare commitments in Brazil, China, India and South Africa in the twenty-first century. Much literature on welfare expansion in lower- and middle-income contexts views it primarily as a policy corrective to the economic dislocations produced by global economic integration. This special issue focuses on the political factors that are critical to understanding the shape social policies have taken and their effectiveness in ameliorating poverty and inequality.
40 citations
01 Jan 2019
Abstract: ................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Figures ...................................................................................................... 9 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 15 Glossary ................................................................................................................. 18
38 citations